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1. Ministry of health and sanitation School of clinical sciences makeni-makambo Internal Medicine Lecturer -Dr. Sheriff and Dr. Martin TOPIC: HELMINTHIASIS

2. Group (9)presenters Noah Jalloh Jeneba Barrie Salifu L Samura Alhaji Kanu Alhaji S Kamara Asma Sesay David A M Colia r

3. Presentation outline Defination Etiology Clinical manifestation Treatment pathophysiology

4. Also known as worm infection Is any macro parasitic diseases of human and other animals in which part of the body is infected with parasitic worms known as helminths Defination of Helminthiasis

5. Diseases underhelmintic parasite Ascariasis Ancylostomiasis Entrobiasis Paragonimiasis Strongyloidiasis Taeniasis Fasciolopsiasis trichinosis

6. ASCARASIS Is an infection of the small intestine caused by ascariasis lumbricoides, This is the most common helminths in the world Pathogen Ascaris lumbricoides(giant round worm) Epidemiology Most common helminths in the world

7. ASCARIASIS Mode of transmission Fecal –oral Clinical presentation Severe abdominal pain Fatigue Vomiting Weight loss/malnutrition A worm in your vomit or stoo l

8. DIAGNOSIS CBC shows eosinophilia Comfirmatory test:stool examination Sputum analysis Chest radiography Treatment Treatment of choice is : bendazole During pregnancy : pyrantel pamoate

9. ancylostomiasis Is a hookworm diseases caused by infection with Ancylostoma hookworm Pathogen Ancylostoma duodenale/ Necator americanus Mode of transmission The lava mature into a form that can penetrate the skin of human

10. CLINICAL PRESENTATION Rash (site of larva entry) Abdominal pain Vomiting Diarrhea Diagnosis Microscopic examination( stool and by inspecting the skin eyes and vecer a )

11. complications Iron deficiency caused by loss of blood Nutritional deficiency Severe protein loss with fluid build up in the abdominal (ascites)

12. treatment Treatment include: Mebendazole :oral medication is usually taken asa single dose Albendazole :usually taken in two doses,seven days apart Also important to note that this treatment are most effective when use to treat active infection

13. Entrobiasis (pin worm ) An infection caused by small white intestinal worm The pin worm or more formally entrobius vermicularies Mode of transmission Fecal oral ENTROBIASIS

14. Clinical manifestation Itching of the anal /vagina area Insomnia Irritability Teeth grinding and restlessness Stomach pain nausea

15. diagnosis Scotch tape test Complication Tubo-ovarian abscesses Appendicities Endometritis Urinary track infection and vulvovaginitis

16. treatment Treatment include: Ivermectin :can be taken in multiple dose or several days but it Is not as commonly used for pin worm infection as the other medication Pyrantel pamoate : typically us as single dose

17. paragonimiasis Flat worm Is an infection with parasitic worms it is caused by eating undercooked food crab Or crayfish Paragonimiasis can cause illness resembling pneumonia or stomach Mode of transmission Transmitted by eating infected crawfish that’s either raw or partially cooked meat

18. Clinical presentation Fever Malasiae Diarrhea Belly pain Itching Diagnosis Microscopic examination sputum and stool

19. complication Interstitial pneumonia Bronchitis ( inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes,which carry air to and from the lung s ) Bronchiectasis ( A condition in which the lungs,airways become damaged,making it hard to clear mucus)

20. treatment The treatment of paragonimiasis involves the use ofanti -parasitic medications Such as paraziquantel , albendazol e,or triclabenzole . These medications are typically taken orally for several days to kill the parasites in the body In some cases, a chest x ray or CT scan may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and assess The extent of the infection

21. strongyloidiasis Is infected by a round worm,or nematode called strongyloides stercoralis Mode of transmission Soil transmitted helminths Clinical presentation Upper abdominal burning pain Diarrhea and constipation Cough Rash Red hives near the anus Vomiting Weight loss

22. diagnosis Blood test and stool examination Complication Pulmonary complication Asthma Pneumonitis Acute respiratory distress syndrome

23. treatment For people with severe infections ivermectin is usually the preferred treatment. But for folks with milder infections albandazole might be better fit It always best to get proper diagnosis and treatment plan

24. TAENIASIS Tape worm Is an infection within the intestine by adult tapeworms Belonging to the genus taenia Mode of transmission Ingestion of cysticerciin undercook pork Diagnosis Stool sample :will be tested for presences of infection or parasite

25. Clinical presentation Loss of appetite Weight loss Upset stomach Abdominal pain Complicatio n Intestine obstruction Obstruction of the bile duct/pancreatic duct Acute pancreatitics

26. treatmen t Parziquanti l this is the main medication used to treat tapeworm infection , Its taken as a single doses and it kill adult worm in the intestine Niclosamide this is an alternative medication for tape worm infection that is also taken as single doses

27. INFECTIVE STAGE

28. fasciolopsiasis Intestinal flucks Is an infection with the intsetinal flucks fasciolopsiasis buski which is acquired by eating Plants Mode of transmission Ingestion of undercooked food Contaminated water and plants

29. Clinical presentation Abdominal pain Diarrhea Diagnosis Stool examination Complication Intestine obstruction Abdominal pain Nausea Vomiting and fever

30. treatment To treat fasciolopsiasis you will likely be given the medication triclabendazole , Its taken orally as a single dose usually for one or two days depending on the severity of the infection

31. TRICHINOSIS Round worm Also known as trichinellosis It a parasite diseases caused by round worm of the trichinella type Mode of transmission Ingestion of under cooked food

32. Clinical presentation Nausea Diarrhea Vomiting Fatigue Fever and Abdominal discomfort Diagnosis Blood test Muscle biopsy Complication Myocarditis Endo carditis

33. treatment Typically involves using anti –parasitic medications like albendazole or mebendazole To kill adult worms and there larvae in the muscles

34. pathophysiology

35. refrences https://www,starworms.org https://en.m.wikipedia.org https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov