Hemicell cell H T for Pigs - Nursery .pptx

Hemicell for pigs

1. Hemicell HT for Pigs Nursery pigs (up to 30 kg)

2. β -mannans are Strongly Antinutritive Fibers 1 Polysaccharide fibers found in most vegetable feed ingredients 2 Indigestible fibers that belong to the Hemicellulose fraction Often highly soluble Typically with a mannose backbone and galactose sidechains 3 Known as β -galactomannan, β -glactoglucomannan and β -glucomannan Mannose β -1,4 bond Galactose (and Glucose) β -mannan from soya

3. 3 Ingredient β-mannans, Pct., as is 1 Minimum Maximum Barley 0.42 0.37 0.46 Beet flour 0.22 – – Corn 0.14 0.09 0.22 Corn gluten meal 0.17 0.10 0.24 DDGS 0.57 0.23 1.09 Oats 0.31 – – Oats, dehulled 0.16 0.09 0.22 Palm kernel meal 7.24 5.34 10.90 Peas 0.11 0.09 0.12 Rapeseed meal 0.18 0.13 0.37 Rapeseed expeller 0.13 – – Rapeseed, whole 0.08 0.07 0.09 Soya hulls 6.67 6.43 6.91 Soybean meal 44% CP 0.79 0.38 1.30 Soybean meal 48% CP 0.59 0.28 1.00 Soybean meal, fermented 0.59 0.58 0.59 Soybean meal, Full Fat 0.71 0.42 1.05 Sunflower meal, ≤32% CP , w/ hulls 0.62 0.53 0.69 Sunflower meal, >32% CP , w/o hulls 0.57 0.42 0.75 Wheat 0.27 0.11 0.42 Wheat bran 0.25 0.21 0.34 Estimated soluble β-mannan content 4 1) Estimated Soluble β-mannan, % = Soluble mannose % x 1.5

4. 4 The estimated soluble β -mannan content varies due to differences in: Plant varieties, Growing conditions Ingredient processing, Assay execution The estimated β -mannan content in common swine diets will likely vary between: 0.15-0.35 in nursery diets (weaning to 30 kg) In-vitro studies have demonstrated as little as 0.05% soluble β -mannan could elicit a strong innate response 14 Soluble β-mannan Content in Common Diets

5. Why are β -mannans important? Mannan polymers are found on the cell surfaces of many pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and yeasts Mannose is an important PAMP (Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern) The bird’s innate immune system mistakes large β -mannan molecules in feed as an invading pathogen and reacts against them 5-8

6. Innate immune response Innate immune activation suppresses growth to protect the liver and reserve energy and nutrients for high priority immune functions 9 Energy & other nutrients that would be used for growth go to support the innate immune response This is regulated by a cascade of events: Inflammatory response 7,8,10 The secretion of IGF-1 and insulin are lowered 12-13,16,19 Reduced digestion and absorption of nutrients 8,11,15,18 Reduced nutrient deposition 11 Lower nitrogen retention 8-9 Reduced water absorption 16,19 The immune system perceives β -mannans as a threat. Reacting to that threat consumes energy.

7. 2) Soybeans, sunflower and guar are important sources of this harmful fiber 1) β-Mannans are highly anti-nutritional fibers found in most vegetable feed ingredients 4 3) ▪ β-Mannans are anti-nutritional because they contain mannose ▪ Mannose is found in different molecular configurations on the surface of many Bacteria. ▪ Mannose has evolved to become a Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern ▪ The innate immune system mistakes large β-mannans for invading pathogens ▪ This triggers an unnecessary Feed Induced Immune Response (FIIR) 5-7 4) The unnecessary FIIR typically costs 3% of feed energy (63 kcal/kg NE) and triggers inflammation 8-12 Expensive: Wastes up 10 €/tonne feed 5) Hemicell breaks down β-mannans and prevents economic losses from FIIR 7 Soybeans Sunflower 7 17 Hemicell – what is it ?

8. Summary Hemicell is a unique and patented enzyme Soya, sunflower, and palm kernel meal and most other feed ingredients contain β -mannans 4 Hemicell breaks down β -mannans in feed 7 Prevents a Feed Induced Immune Response (FiiR) 6-7,10 The animals have more energy and nutrients available for growth and performance 10,14 8

9. Recommended Use 9

10. 10 Hemicell HT use recommendation – Nursery pigs When: Use Hemicell HT in all diets with: At least 12% soybean meal or sunflower meal and At least 0.2-0.25% soluble β -mannan Recommended dosage: Product Dose Dosage per tonne complete feed HT DRY Range: 3 00 - 400 g/tonne HT DRY Recommended: 300 g/tonne HT LIQUID Range 80-110 ml HT LIQUID Recommended: 80 ml

11. 11 Hemicell HT use recommendation How to Use: Reduce feed costs by up to €30/tonne feed by substituting expensive proteins with soybean meal Fish meal, blood meal and vegetable proteins like fermented soya products, soy protein concentrate, potato protein, etc. may be replaced When no expensive proteins can be substituted: Reduce feed cost by up to €8/tonne feed by formulating Hemicell HT to replace up to 63 kcal (0.264 MJ) NE per kg complete feed (Equivalent to 90 kcal/kg ME)

12. Hemicell Product Description Hemicell HT (Dry) Guaranteed β-D-mannanase activity: 160 MU/Kg Recommended dosage for nursery pigs: 300 g/MT (200 - 400 g/MT) Inherently thermo tolerant to about 88 °C with a conditioning time of 60 seconds Shelf life: 24 months 12

13. Matrix Values for Hemicell HT Recommended Dosage 0.0300% (300 g/tonne) Expected Energy Sparing in Complete Diet ME (kcal/Kg) 300,000 90 ME (MJ/kg) 1,250 0.375 NE (kcal/kg) 1 210,000 63 NE (MJ/kg) 877 0.263 13

14. Efficacy of Hemicell 14

15. Effect of Hemicell L in Nursery pigs 14 +2.6% –3.4% ● Starting weight: 13.6 kg. 21-days trial period ● Three dietary treatments – Control (normal nutrient content) – High energy = Control + 100 kcal/kg – Control + Hemicell Addition of Hemicell was equivalent to adding 100 kcal/kg 15

16. Efficacy of Hemicell Ability to substitute expensive proteins with soybean eal can be economically attractive 16

17. Trial 1: Use of Hemicell HT in Pre-starter Diets (20-60d) for Piglets 20 Field Experiences in Mexico 17 Trial dates: 11/2015-1/2016 Randomized Complete Block (weight and sex) Design Commercial facility CONFIDENTIAL. INTERNAL USE ONLY References missing

18. 18 Trial 1: Feed Formulations 20 Ingredients Phase 1 Control Phase 1 Hemicell HT Phase 2 Control Phase 2 Hemicell HT Maize 552.00 510.00 658.00 611.00 Soybean meal 186.00 266.00 220.00 310.00 Vegetable oil 20.00 30.00 25.00 35.00 Whey 100.00 100.00 Fish meal 25.00 30.00 40.00 SD blood meal 25.00 20.00 20.00 Soy protein concentrate 20.00 Spray dried animal plasma 30.00 Calcium carbonate 10.90 10.10 8.30 10.30 Dicalcium phosphate 4.60 4.20 3.90 7.70 Micro ingredients 26.50 29.70 21.80 26.00 Total, kg 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Price/ton of feed, Euro 667.61 545.74 432.73 338.26 18.25% Cost reduction in Phase 1 Nursery diets 21.83% Cost reduction in Phase 2 Nursery diets CONFIDENTIAL. INTERNAL USE ONLY References missing

19. Trial 2: Use of Hemicell HT in Pre-starter Diets (20-60d) for Piglets 21 Field Experiences in Mexico 19 Trial dates: 1/2016-2/2016 Randomized Complete Block (weight and sex) Design Commercial facility CONFIDENTIAL. INTERNAL USE ONLY References missing

20. 20 Trial 2: Feed Formulations 21 Ingredients Phase 1 Control Phase 1 Hemicell HT Phase 2 Control Phase 2 Hemicell HT Maize 370.00 320.00 490.00 420.00 Wheat 200.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 Soybean meal 170.00 253.00 185.00 290.00 Vegetable oil 20.00 33.00 25.00 40.00 Whey 100.00 100.00 Fish meal 25.00 30.00 40.00 Spray Dried Blood meal 25.00 20.00 20.00 Soy protein concentrate 20.00 Spray Dried Animal plasma 30.00 Calcium carbonate 10.90 10.90 10.20 12.2 Dicalcium phosphate 4.60 4.60 3.90 7.70 Micro ingredients 24.50 28.5 25.90 30.1 Total 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 CONFIDENTIAL. INTERNAL USE ONLY References missing

21. Protein Replacement - Conclusion Hemicell facilitated a dramatic simplification of the nursery diets in both field trials All diets contained antibiotics and high levels of zinc and copper Simplification of EU diets is also possible – Likely to a lesser degree 21 CONFIDENTIAL. INTERNAL USE ONLY References missing

22. Hemicell – Summary Hemicell is a different enzyme: It prevents β -mannans from being mistaken for invading pathogens by the innate immune system Preventing this immune response has clear implications for performance as it wastes energy on unnecessary immune activity. FIIR from β -mannans may cost more than €11/tonne of feed Recommended Use: Use 300 g/tonne in all feeds with sufficient β -mannan content Substitute expensive proteins with soybean meal Formulate Hemicell HT to replace up to 63 kcal/kg (0.264 MJ) NE when no expensive proteins can be substituted 22

23. References Anderson DM, Hsiao HY, and Dale NM. 2008. Identification of an inflammatory compound for chicks in soybean meal-II. Poultry Science 2008; 87: 159 Ferrel J, Anderson D, and Hsiao HY. 2014. Content of Soluble Non-Starch Polysaccharides β-Mannan and Xylan in Legume Meals, Non-Legume Meals, and Cereal Grains or Cereal Grain by-products. Poster Presented at the MidWest ASAS - Journal Animal Science, 92 2014; n/a: 328 Whistler RL, and Saarnio J. 1957. Galactomannan from Soy Bean Hulls. Journal of the American Chemical Society 1957; 79: 6055-57 Global update on β -Mannan Content in Common Feed Ingredients. GBLNUTHEM00056(1) Stahl, P.D. and Ezekowitz, R.A. 1998. “The mannose receptor is a pattern recognition receptor involved in host defense.” Curr Opin Immunol. Feb; 10(1):50-5. Anderson, D., Mathis, G., Jackson, M. and Hsiao, H-Y. 2006. “Effect of β-mannanase (Hemicell ® Feed Enzyme) on Acute Phase Protein Levels in Chickens and Turkeys.” Poultry Science Meeting, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Anderson D.M. & Hsiao H.-Y. “New Feed Enzyme Development.” ChemGen Corp. 2009. 1: 1-30 Gabler, N. and Spurlock, M. 2008. “Integrating the immune system with the regulation of growth and efficiency.” J. Anim. Sci. 86: E64-E74. Klasing, K. 2007. “Nutrition and the immune system.” Br. Poult. Sci. 48(5): 525-537. Geniec N.O., Alei F., and Klasing K. 2015. Effect of Hemicell HT enzyme on the immune system of chickens and their performance. International Poultry Scientific Forum Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia 2015; .: 54. [ Study number HTLUS130005] Spurlock, M. 1997. “Regulation of metabolism and growth during immune challenge: an overview of cytokine function.” J. Anim. Sci. 75: 1773-1783. Nunes, C. and Malmlöf, K. 1992. “Effects of guar gum and cellulose on glucose absorption, hormonal release and hepatic metabolism in the pig.” Brit. J. Nutr. 68: 693-700. Leeds, A. and Kang, S. 1980. “The pig as a model for studies on the mode of action of guar gum in normal and diabetic man.” Proc. Nutrition Society. 44A. Pettey, L., Carter, S., Senne , B. and Shriver, J. 2002. Effects of ß-mannanase addition to corn-soybean meal diets on growth performance, carcass traits, and nutrient digestibility of weanling and growing/finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 1012-1019. Radcliffe, J.S., Kornegay, E.T., and Pleasant, R.S. 1998. The Use of Steered Ileo-cecal Valve Cannulated Pigs to Evaluate the Effects of Adding Phytase or b-mannanase to the Diet on Amino Acid, Mineral and Energy Utilization. PhD dissertation in Animal and Poultry Sciences . Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Rainbird, A., Low, A. and Zebrowska, T. 1984. “Effect of guar gum on glucose and water absorption from isolated loops of jejunum in conscious growing pigs.” Brit. J. Nutr. 52(3): 489-498. Kraehenbuhl , J. and Corbett, M. 2004. Keeping the Gut Microflora at Bay. Science 12 March 2004: Vol. 303 no. 5664 pp. 1624-1625 Owusu-Asiedu, A., Patience, J., Laarveld, B. et al. 2006. “Effects of guar gum and cellulose on digesta passage rate, ileal microbial populations, energy and protein digestibility, and performance of grower pigs.” J. Anim. Sci. 84: 843-852. Saki A . A . , Matzugi M . T . , and Kamyab A . 2005. “Effect of Mannanase on Broiler Performance, Illeal and In-vitro Protein Digestibility, Uric Acid, and Litter Moisture in Broiler Feeding.” International Journal of Poultry Science 2005; 4: 21-26 Weaning piglet field trial in Mexico-1 Weaning piglet field trial in Mexico-2 23