Hemiplegia..........................pptx

Hemiplegia.pptx

1. Hemiplegia Mr. Rushikesh hange Final year Basic Bsc nursing

2. Introduction Hemiplegia is paralysis that affects only one side of body. Hemiplegia affects either the right side of body (right hemiplegia) or the left side of body (left hemiplegia). If hemiplegia onsets before birth, during birth, or within the first 2 years of life, it’s known as congenital hemiplegia. if hemiplegia develops later in life, it’s known as acquired hemiplegia.

3. Causes Strokes
• Aneurysms and hemorrhages inside of brain.
• Spinal cord injuries.
• HTN
• Chronic smoking
• Injuries, experience during birth or very early childhood, causing conditions
like cerebral palsy.
• Facial paralysis conditions like Bell’s palsy.

4. Seizures and epilepsy.
Brain tumors (including cancers).
Nervous system diseases, especially autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis or progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). • Infections that affect nervous system, like encephalitis, meningitis or Ramsay Hunt syndrome.
• Migraine headaches (when these involve hemiplegia

5. Clinical Manifestations • Difficulty in gait or balancing on affected side.
• Difficulty in motor activities like, holding, grasping or pinching etc.
• Increase stiffness of muscles.
• Muscles spasm.
• Difficulty with speech.
• Dysphagia
• Significant delay during standing, smiling, crawling or speaking.
• Abnormal mental development in children.
• Behaviour problem like anxiety, lack of concentration.

6. Treatment • History collection & physical examination.
• CT scan & MRI
• SPECT, PET scan
• Test for tumour markers
• Genetic testing, Counselling

7. Prevention • Eat a balanced diet and maintain a weight - Many conditions related to circulatory and heart health, especially stroke,
can cause brain damage that leads to hemiplegia. • Manage the health conditions - Chronic conditions like Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and epilepsy
can raise the risk for conditions or injuries that could cause hemiplegia.

8. • Infections - Infections, especially ones that affect the eyes and ears, can cause
hemiplegia if they spread to the brain. Getting prompt treatment for
infections. • Wear safety equipment - Protective gear, especially helmets and safety restraints (such as seat belts),
can help avoid head, neck and back injuries that could lead to hemiplegia.