Heparin

heparin and LMWH

1. HARINI PRIYADHARSHINI . M HEPARIN

2. DRUGS THAT REDUCE THE COAGULABILITY (ABILITY TO COAGULATE) OF BLOOD A nticoagulants

3. Muco polysaccharide found in the mast cells of liver, intestine and lungs. Strongest acid in the body It is a powerful anticoagulant that acts instantaneously both in vivo and in vitro. HEPARIN

4. M echanism of action Heparin activates Anti thrombin III which inhibits activated thrombin and coagulation factors.

5. Not effective orally. When given Intra muscularly it may cause hematomas. It is normally given IV or SC. Heparin is metabolised by heparinase in the liver. P harmacokinetics

6. Bleeding Hypersensitivity Heparin induced thrombocytopenia Reversible alopecia Osteoporosis Hyperaldosteronism A dverse effects

7. Bleeding disorders. Heparin induced thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenic purpura Infective endocarditis . Threatened abortion. Haemophilia . C ontraindiacations

8. Includes enoxaparin , dalteparin , reviparin , nadreparin etc. LMWH has a relatively favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Inhibits only factor Xa and has a weak effect on thrombin. Thus, aPTT or clotting time are not prolonged. Lower risk of osteoporosis. Lower risk of thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. L ow molecular weight heparin (LMWH)

9. In severe heparin overdose an antagonist may be needed to arrest its anti coagulant effects. Protamine sulphate is the commonly used heparin antagonist. Given IV, it neutralises heparin. In the absence of heparin, protamine sulphate can act as a weak anticoagulant itself. Fondaxaparinux is used for the prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. H eparin antagonists

10. Heparan sulphate present in some tissues is similar to heparin. Danaparoid is a mixture of heparinoids and acts by inhibiting factor Xa . It is longer acting. H eparinoids

11. Thank you