Hepatitis Abc....

Hepatitis Abc...

1. HEPATITISHEPATITIS
11
Prepared by:
Brian Kieth C. Gonzales
BSN – 2C

2. 22
What is Hepatitis?What is Hepatitis?
Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver –Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver –
In Latin In Latin hepahepa means means liverliver, , itisitis means means inflammationinflammation
Hepatitis can be caused by a virus that gets into your body Hepatitis can be caused by a virus that gets into your body
and attacks the liverand attacks the liver

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How big is the liver?How big is the liver?
The liver is the LARGEST internal organ!!!The liver is the LARGEST internal organ!!!
In In young children: young children: aboutabout the size of a the size of a grapefruitgrapefruit
In In adultsadults: about the size of a : about the size of a footballfootball

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Healthy Liver vs. Sick Healthy Liver vs. Sick
LiverLiver
This is a healthy liverThis is a sick, scarred
liver (cirrhosis)

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Viral HepatitisViral Hepatitis
Virus Disease
Hepatitis A A virus (HAV) Hepatitis AA
Hepatitis BB virus (HBV) Hepatitis BB
Hepatitis CC virus (HCV) Hepatitis CC
•Hepatitis viruses: A, B, C
•Scientists call hepatitis disease by the name of the virus
* Is seen more among travelers returning to the United * Is seen more among travelers returning to the United
States from countries where hepatitis E is commonStates from countries where hepatitis E is common

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Viral Hepatitis DiseaseViral Hepatitis Disease
Acute hepatitis: Acute hepatitis: newly infected newly infected
Chronic (life-long) hepatitis: Chronic (life-long) hepatitis: long-long-
lasting infectionlasting infection

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Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A Virus
•First identified in 1973
•Scientifically classified as
Picornavirus
•Contains single-stranded
rribonnucleic aacid (RNA)
Single-stranded Single-stranded
RNARNA
Electron micrograph/picture of hepatitis A virusElectron micrograph/picture of hepatitis A virus

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Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A Virus
Hepatitis A is an acute liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus Hepatitis A is an acute liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus
(HAV), lasting from a few weeks to several months. It does not lead (HAV), lasting from a few weeks to several months. It does not lead
to chronic infection. It is found in the stool (poop) of persons with to chronic infection. It is found in the stool (poop) of persons with
hepatitis A hepatitis A
Mode of Transmission Mode of Transmission : fecal–oral route: fecal–oral route
Person to person contactPerson to person contact
living with someone who has hepatitis Aliving with someone who has hepatitis A
having sexual contact with someone who has hepatitis Ahaving sexual contact with someone who has hepatitis A
Average incubation period : Average incubation period : is 4 weeks with a range of 15-50 days.is 4 weeks with a range of 15-50 days.

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SymptomsSymptoms
You might have :You might have :
TirednessTiredness
Loss of appetiteLoss of appetite
FeverFever
Stomach-acheStomach-ache
DiarrheaDiarrhea
Dark urineDark urine
Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes ,icterus)Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes ,icterus)

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Hepatitis A VaccineHepatitis A Vaccine
Hepatitis A vaccine is usually given as two shots Hepatitis A vaccine is usually given as two shots
over a 6-18 month period (hepatitis A vaccine is over a 6-18 month period (hepatitis A vaccine is
approved for persons 1 year of age and older)approved for persons 1 year of age and older)
Hepatitis A vaccines are safe and effectiveHepatitis A vaccines are safe and effective
protection will probably last for at least 20 yearsprotection will probably last for at least 20 years

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Other Ways to PreventOther Ways to Prevent
HAV InfectionHAV Infection
Wash your handsWash your hands after using the toilet or changing a after using the toilet or changing a
diaper and before preparing or eating fooddiaper and before preparing or eating food
Wear glovesWear gloves if you have to clean surfaces if you have to clean surfaces
contaminated with stool (e.g., diaper changing tables)contaminated with stool (e.g., diaper changing tables)

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Other Ways to Prevent Other Ways to Prevent
Hepatitis AHepatitis A
Boiling or cookingBoiling or cooking food and beverage items for at food and beverage items for at
least 1 minute to 185°F (85°C) inactivates the virus least 1 minute to 185°F (85°C) inactivates the virus
(makes the virus NOT infectious) (makes the virus NOT infectious)
When When travelingtraveling to countries where hepatitis A is to countries where hepatitis A is
commoncommon
Do not drink beverages (with or without ice) of Do not drink beverages (with or without ice) of
unknown purityunknown purity
Do not eat uncooked shellfishDo not eat uncooked shellfish
Do not eat uncooked fruits and vegetables that are Do not eat uncooked fruits and vegetables that are
not peeled or prepared by you personallynot peeled or prepared by you personally

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TreatmentTreatment
There is no specific medical treatment for hepatitis A. Your There is no specific medical treatment for hepatitis A. Your
doctordoctor can advise you on what you should do or what you can advise you on what you should do or what you
should not doshould not do
Once fully recovered:Once fully recovered:
You cannot get hepatitis A againYou cannot get hepatitis A again
You are no longer infected and cannot give the You are no longer infected and cannot give the
infection to othersinfection to others

14. Hepatitis B VirusHepatitis B Virus
Double-Stranded
DNA
•First recognized in 1960s
•Scientifically classified as
Hepadnavirus
•Contains ddeoxyribonnucleic
aacid (DNA)
DNA DNA
PolymerasePolymerase
Electron micrograph/picture of hepatitis B virusElectron micrograph/picture of hepatitis B virus

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Hepatitis B VirusHepatitis B Virus
is a serious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). is a serious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV).
Infection with this virus can cause scarring of the liver, Infection with this virus can cause scarring of the liver,
liver failureliver failure, , liver cancerliver cancer and even death. and even death.
The highest rate of infection occurs among those 20 to 49 The highest rate of infection occurs among those 20 to 49
years old.years old.

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Hepatitis B VirusHepatitis B Virus

HBV is found in the blood and body HBV is found in the blood and body
fluids (e.g., semen, vaginal fluids) of fluids (e.g., semen, vaginal fluids) of
an infected person .an infected person .
Average incubation period Average incubation period :is :is
about 16 weeksabout 16 weeks

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Modes of TransmissionModes of Transmission
Sexual contact with an infected person without using a Sexual contact with an infected person without using a
condomcondom
Injection drug useInjection drug use
Sharing needles, syringes or “works” (e.g., water, cookers, cotton, Sharing needles, syringes or “works” (e.g., water, cookers, cotton,
spoons) when “shooting” drugsspoons) when “shooting” drugs
Tattoos and body piercingTattoos and body piercing
Tattoo or body piercing done with tools that might have someone Tattoo or body piercing done with tools that might have someone
else’s blood on themelse’s blood on them
From an infected mother to her child at birthFrom an infected mother to her child at birth
Sharing personal care items, such as toothbrushes or razors Sharing personal care items, such as toothbrushes or razors
with an infected personwith an infected person
Human bite from an infected personHuman bite from an infected person

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SymptomsSymptoms
You might have :You might have :
TirednessTiredness
Loss of appetiteLoss of appetite
FeverFever
DiarrheaDiarrhea
Dark urineDark urine
Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)
..

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Hepatitis B VaccineHepatitis B Vaccine
Hepatitis B vaccine is usually given as three shots over a 4-6 Hepatitis B vaccine is usually given as three shots over a 4-6
month period month period
There is also a 2-shot schedule for 11-15 year oldsThere is also a 2-shot schedule for 11-15 year olds
Hepatitis vaccines are safe and effectiveHepatitis vaccines are safe and effective
protection will last for at least 15 yearsprotection will last for at least 15 years
Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for:Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for:
all infantsall infants
all children and adolescentsall children and adolescents
adults at increased riskadults at increased risk

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Other Ways to Prevent Other Ways to Prevent
Hepatitis BHepatitis B
Practice safer sexPractice safer sex
Abstain from sex or use condoms (spermicides)Abstain from sex or use condoms (spermicides)
consistently and correctlyconsistently and correctly
Wear glovesWear gloves if you have to touch anyone’s blood if you have to touch anyone’s blood
Do not shoot drugs;Do not shoot drugs; if you shoot drugs, stop and get into a if you shoot drugs, stop and get into a
treatment program; if you can’t stop, treatment program; if you can’t stop, never reuse or share never reuse or share drugs, drugs,
needles, syringes or “works” (e.g., water, cookers, cotton, needles, syringes or “works” (e.g., water, cookers, cotton,
spoons); use an unused sterile syringe for each injection; use spoons); use an unused sterile syringe for each injection; use
sterile water, or at least clean water, from a reliable source to sterile water, or at least clean water, from a reliable source to
prepare drugsprepare drugs
Do not shareDo not share toothbrushes, razors, or other personal care articles toothbrushes, razors, or other personal care articles
that might have blood on themthat might have blood on them

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Other Ways to Prevent Other Ways to Prevent
Hepatitis BHepatitis B
If you are pregnant, you should get a blood test for If you are pregnant, you should get a blood test for
hepatitis B, so steps can be taken to protect your baby if hepatitis B, so steps can be taken to protect your baby if
you are infectedyou are infected
Treatment:Treatment:
There isThere is no treatmentno treatment for acute (new infection) hepatitis Bfor acute (new infection) hepatitis B
Liver transplantLiver transplant
Hepatitis B: acute HB will go away by itself and recover Hepatitis B: acute HB will go away by itself and recover
completely; Chronic HB will stay forever, Uncurablecompletely; Chronic HB will stay forever, Uncurable

22. Interferon.Interferon. The immune system-boosting medicine interferon The immune system-boosting medicine interferon
alpha is injected for at least 6 months. This drug does not cure alpha is injected for at least 6 months. This drug does not cure
the disease, but improves liver inflammation. Long-acting the disease, but improves liver inflammation. Long-acting
interferon (peginterferon) has also been shown to be useful. interferon (peginterferon) has also been shown to be useful.
Interferon does have some undesirable side effects, including: Interferon does have some undesirable side effects, including:
malaise, depression, and loss of appetite, and it can lower the malaise, depression, and loss of appetite, and it can lower the
number of white blood cells.number of white blood cells.
Epivir.Epivir. This drug is taken orally once a day. Usually, the drug This drug is taken orally once a day. Usually, the drug
is well tolerated. Viral mutations often arise after prolonged is well tolerated. Viral mutations often arise after prolonged
use.use.
Hepsera.Hepsera. This drug works well in people whose disease doesn't This drug works well in people whose disease doesn't
respond to Epivir but, in high doses it can cause kidney respond to Epivir but, in high doses it can cause kidney
problems.problems.
Baraclude.Baraclude. This is the newest drug for hepatitis B This is the newest drug for hepatitis B
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Hepatitis C VirusHepatitis C Virus
•First identified in 1989
•Scientifically classified as
Flavivirus
•Contains ribonucleic acid
(RNA)
Schematic view of hepatitis C virusSchematic view of hepatitis C virus
Single-stranded RNASingle-stranded RNA

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Hepatitis C VirusHepatitis C Virus
HCV is found in the blood and body fluids
(e.g., semen, vaginal fluids) of an infected
person
Average incubation period : is 7 to 9
weeks

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Modes of TransmissionModes of Transmission
Injection drug useInjection drug use
Sharing needles, syringes or "works" (e.g., water, cookers, Sharing needles, syringes or "works" (e.g., water, cookers,
cotton, spoons) when "shooting" drugscotton, spoons) when "shooting" drugs
Sex with an HCV-infected personSex with an HCV-infected person
Sharing items (e.g., razors or toothbrushes) that Sharing items (e.g., razors or toothbrushes) that
might have blood on themmight have blood on them
Tattoos and body piercingTattoos and body piercing
Tattoo or body piercing done with tools that might have someone else’s blood on Tattoo or body piercing done with tools that might have someone else’s blood on
themthem
From an HCV-infected mother to her child at birthFrom an HCV-infected mother to her child at birth

26. SymptomsSymptoms
You might have :You might have :
TirednessTiredness
Loss of appetiteLoss of appetite
FeverFever
Stomach-acheStomach-ache
DiarrheaDiarrhea
Dark urineDark urine
Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)
..

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Hepatitis C: PreventionHepatitis C: Prevention
Practice safer sexPractice safer sex
Abstain from sex or use condomsAbstain from sex or use condoms consistently and correctly consistently and correctly
Wear glovesWear gloves if you have to touch anyone’s blood if you have to touch anyone’s blood
Do not shoot drugs;Do not shoot drugs; if you shoot drugs, stop and get into a treatment if you shoot drugs, stop and get into a treatment
program; if you can’t stop, program; if you can’t stop, never reuse or share never reuse or share drugs, needles, drugs, needles,
syringes or “works” (e.g., water, cookers, cotton, spoons); use an syringes or “works” (e.g., water, cookers, cotton, spoons); use an
unused sterile syringe for each injection; use sterile water, or at least unused sterile syringe for each injection; use sterile water, or at least
clean water, from a reliable source to prepare drugsclean water, from a reliable source to prepare drugs
Do not shareDo not share toothbrushes, razors, or other personal care articles that toothbrushes, razors, or other personal care articles that
might have blood on themmight have blood on them

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Hepatitis C: PreventionHepatitis C: Prevention
If you are thinking about getting If you are thinking about getting a tattoo or body a tattoo or body
piercingpiercing, , consider the risksconsider the risks. . You mightYou might get infectedget infected if if
tools have someone else’s blood on them or if the tools have someone else’s blood on them or if the
artist or piercer does not follow good health artist or piercer does not follow good health
practices, such as washing hands, using sterile practices, such as washing hands, using sterile
equipment and using disposable glovesequipment and using disposable gloves

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TreatmentTreatment
There is no treatment for acute (new There is no treatment for acute (new
infection) hepatitis Cinfection) hepatitis C
For chronic (life-long) hepatitis C For chronic (life-long) hepatitis C
antiviral medicines are availableantiviral medicines are available
Treatment might take as long as a yearTreatment might take as long as a year
Liver transplantLiver transplant