HEPATITIS B-HIV ANTIGENS LECTURE-DISCUSSION

HEPATITIS B-HIV ANTIGENS LECTURE-DISCUSSION

1. Hepatitis B surface
Antigen (HBsAg)
Prepared by: dmsArgel, RN

2. •Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), also called
hepatitis-associated antigen or Australia antigen,
appears in the serum of the patient with hepatitis B
virus.
•It can be detected by radioimmunoassay or, less
commonly, reverse passive hemagglutination during the
extended incubation period and usually during the
first 3 weeks of acute infection or if the patient is
a carrier.
•Hepatitis transmission is one of the gravest
complications associated with blood transfusion, all
donors must be screened for hepatitis B before their
blood is stored.

3. PURPOSE
•To screen blood donors for hepatitis B
•To screen people at high risk for contracting
hepatitis B
•To aid in the differential diagnosis of viral
hepatitis

4. PATIENT PREPARATION
a.Explain to the patient that the HBsAg test helps identify
a type of viral hepatitis.
b.Inform the patient that he need not restrict food and
fluids.
c.Tell the patient that the test requires a blood sample.
Explain who will perform the venipuncture and when.
d.Explain to the patient that he may experience slight
discomfort from the tourniquet and needle puncture.
e.Check the patient’s history for administration of
hepatitis B vaccine.
f.If the patient is giving blood, explain the donation
procedure to him.

5. PROCEDURE AND POSTTEST CARE
a.Perform a venipuncture and collect the sample
in a 10-ml clot-activator tube.
b.Apply direct pressure to the venipuncture site
until bleeding stops.
c.If a hematoma develops at the venipuncture
d.site, apply pressure

6. PRECAUTIONS
a.Wash your hands carefully after the procedure.
b.Remember to wear gloves when drawing blood and
dispose of the needle properly.

7. RESULT
❖NORMAL FINDINGS
Normal serum is negative for HBsAg

❖ABNORMAL FINDINGS
The presence of HBsAg in patients with hepatitis
confirms hepatitis B. In chronic carriers and in people
with chronic active hepatitis,
HBsAg may be present in the serum several months after
the onset of acute infection.
It may also occur in more than 5% of patients with
certain diseases other than hepatitis, such as
hemophilia, Hodgkin’s disease, and leukemia.