Herpes miRNAs and basic miRNAs mechanism

a comprehensive overview of both basic miRNA mechanisms and the specific role of miRNAs in herpes viruses, suitable for an informative presentation.

1. Jaishree . S (227798)
PhD Student
Advisor: Prof. Seon
Jong Keun

2. MiRNA
Gene therapy
Herpes virus
Stjude.org/gene-therapy
Viral
vector
Gene Therapy

3. DNA Mutations
Transplantation & Graft Rejection
quizlet.com/313122792/

4. Central Dogma of biology Introns ?
Non-coding RNA

5. C. elegans
<22 nucleotides
Definition:miRNAisaclassofsmall,non-coding
RNAmoleculesthatregulategeneexpressionby
targetingmessengerRNA(mRNA)fordegradation
orinhibition.
Function:
•generegulation
•controllingtheexpressionofgenes
•Involvedinmanybiological
processes,includingdevelopment,
celldifferentiation,andimmune
response.
Micro RNAs

6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00402
How Micro RNAs are produced?
Canonical
&
Non
canonical

7. Canonical pathway for Biogenesis of Micro RNAs
Biogenesis:miRNAistranscribedfromDNAintoaprimarytranscript,
whichisprocessedintoaprecursormiRNAbytheDroshaenzyme.The
precursormiRNAisthenexportedtothecytoplasmandcleavedbytheDicer
enzymeintoamaturemiRNA.

8. Large
cargo
capacity
Highly
infectious
Non
integrating
Broad
tropism
Up to ̴150Kb
Life cycle
10-14hrs
WHY
HERPES
A
POTENTIAL
VIRAL
VECTOR?
VIRAL
VECTORS
Herpes
Virus
Vaccinia
Virus
Lentivirus
Pox Virus
Retrovirus
Adenovirus

9. Herpes viruses
•Genome size –124-235 kbp
•DNA Viruses
•8 human herpes virus –α, β, & γ
•α –HSV-1 &2 (infections of sensory
ganglia and sacral ganglia)
•β –HCMV (Birth defects)
•γ–Infections in B-cells (linked to
several cancers)
•Latency in the host for life time.
•Encode for large no. of MiRNAs.
Herpes virus

10. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9020125

11. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12020358
•Involved in viral life cycle
•regulation of viral replication, latency,
and immune evasion.
•affect host gene expression,
contributing to the pathogenesis of
viral infections and associated
diseases.
"Herpes Family MicroRNAs: Regulation of Viral and Host Gene Expression"

12. Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1&2)
•Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 can also cause other infections, such as herpes encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), herpes
keratitis (inflammation of the eye), and neonatal herpes (a potentially life-threatening infection in newborns).

13. Herpes simplex viruses & associated MiRNAs
https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna4040036
•HSV-1 and HSV-2 each encode
multiple miRNAs, including miR-
H1, which targets the immediate
early gene ICP0, and miR-H6,
which targets the viral glycoprotein
D (gD).

14. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084106
•Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common herpes virus
that infects the majority of people worldwide.
•It can infect various cell types, including epithelial cells,
fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells such as
monocytes and lymphocytes.
•CMV encodes multiple miRNAs, including miR-
UL112, which targets the viral DNA polymerase
UL44, and miR-US5-1, which targets the viral
immediate early gene IE72.
•DOI:10.3390/v15020429

15. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) &
Kaposi sarcoma associated herpes virus (KSHV)
Episome
•EBV(HHV-4)establishesitslatencyinBlymphocytes.
•90%ofthepopulationisestimatedtobeinfectedwithEBV.

16. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) &KSHV associated MiRNAs
KSHV encodes more than 20 miRNAs, including miR-
K1, which targets the tumor suppressor gene BCLAF1,
and miR-K5, which targets the immune regulatory protein
MALT1.
10.1172/JCI127166
doi:10.7150/jca.25460
•EBV encodes more than 20 miRNAs, including miR-
BART1, which targets the viral DNA polymerase
BALF5, and miR-BART2, which targets the tumor
suppressor gene PTEN.

17. Anti-Viral
therapy
Therapeutic
Applications of
MiRNA from
Herpes Viruses
Immuno
modulation
Cancer
Therapy
Vaccine
Development
Biomarkers

18. Statistical data _ Viral vectors

19. Conclusion
❑MiRNA plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of HSV infection.
❑Dysregulation of miRNA expression can have a significant impact on viral replication and host immune response.
❑Manipulation of miRNA expression has potential as a therapeutic strategy for HSV infection.