Hexaxial reference system

Hello guys I hope this ppt will help you to understand what is Hexaxial reference system in ECG[ELECTRO CARDIO GRAPHY]
WHAT IS ECG?
WHAT IS HEXAXIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM?

1. TRIAXIAL AND HEXAXIAL SYSTEM

2. TRIAXIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM Standard lead The lead axes of the three standard leads form an equilateral triangle.  This constitutes Einthoven's equilateral triangle, each angle of the triangle being 60° 

3. TRIAXIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM  The lead axes of Einthoven's triangle may be transposed so that they bisect each other while maintaining their orientation.  These three lead axes thus form a triaxial reference system with each lead axis being theoretically separated from the other by 60°

4. TRIAXIAL AND HEXAXIAL SYSTEM  Unipolar lead The unipolar extremity leads are so constructed that their lead axes geometrically bisect the angles of the equilateral triangle formed by the standard leads  Each electrode of these unipolar leads is a positive electrode.  These leads, too, may be transposed so that they bisect each other while maintaining their orientation  

5. TRIAXIAL AND HEXAXIAL SYSTEM  They also form a triaxial reference system with each lead axis separated from the other by 60° When these two triaxial reference systems are combined and superimposed upon each other, they form a hex-axial reference system Each lead axis is then separated from its two neighbouring axes by 30°  This hexaxial reference system is used for graphing the mean manifest frontal plane electrical axes.

6. HEXAXIAL SYSTEM  Naming the degrees By an irrational and confusing convention, the degrees in the upper hemisphere of the hexaxial reference system are labelled negative degrees, whereas those in the lower half are labelled positive degrees. 

7. HEXAXIAL SYSTEM  Thus, beginning with the positive pole of standard lead I, which is labelled 0°, and progressing clockwise, the leads are labelled sequentially +30°, +60°, +90°, +120°, +150° and +180°.  Beginning at 0° and progressing counterclockwise, the leads are labelled sequentially -30°, 60°, 90°, -120°, -150° and -180°.  The 180° position may be termed + or - 180°.

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