HISTO CHEMICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL DISEASE.pptx

The presentation is based on various techniques employed in the diagnosis of renal disease in histopathology laboratory

1. HISTOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL DISEASES 1

2. Outline Summary Introduction Histochemical principles and techniques Immunohistochemical techniques Tissue stains for renal diseases Applications of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in renal disease diagnosis Conclusion Recommendation References I 2

3. Summary Renal diseases require accurate diagnosis for effective management. Histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of renal disease. Histochemical techniques utilizes staining methods such as H & E stain to identify cellular components. Immunohistochemical techniques use antibodies to detect specific proteins in tissue section. Common markers include ;CD10, CD3. 3

4. Introduction Histochemistry is the study of chemical composition of tissues, to visualize specific cellular components by chemical reaction. Immuno-histochemistry is a powerful technique that combines immunological and biological methods to visualize tissue component. Renal disease refers to any condition that damages the kidneys and impairs their function. These techniques are crucial for diagnosing conditions like glomerulonephritis and provides insights to renal pathology. (Cathro et al ., 2018) 4

5. Histochemical principles and techniques Histochemistry involves applying special stains to renal biopsy specimens to detect specific molecules that aids in diagnosis. Key processes include tissue fixation, embedding, sectioning and staining. This allows for the identification of specific molecules like proteins and nuclei acid. Techniques such as Pearls reaction and von kossa are used to highlight particular substances within tissue. (Cathro et al ., 2018) 5

6. Immunohistochemical techniques (Abbas et al ., 2022) 6

7. Tissue stains for renal diseases (Stahl et al., 2016) 7

8. Applications of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in renal disease HISTOCHEMISTRY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY Evaluation of tissue structure and cellular metabolism Glomerulonephritis Detection of specific molecules Tubulo-interstitial nephritis Identification of infectious agents Renal cell carcinoma Detection of renal cancer Transplant rejection and graft dysfunction (Raissan et al., 2011) 8

9. Recommendation Ensure standardized protocols for histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. Antibody panels should be updated regularly to reflect the latest advancements in renal pathology. Collaboration with clinical teams to correlate histopathological finding with clinical data for improved patient care. 9

10. Conclusion Histochemistry provides insights into tissue composition and pathology aiding in identification of renal diseases. Immunohistochemistry offers specific markers for differentiating renal cell carcinomas and other neoplasm. These methods together allow for a comprehensive understanding of renal pathology, leading to improved patient management. Integrated histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis enhances renal disease diagnosis. 10

11. Selected References Abbas, A. K., Litchtman, A. H., & Pillai, S. (2022). Transplantation immunology. In A. K. Abbas, A. H. Lichtman, S. Pillai. Cellular and Molecular immunology, 10 , 417- 444. Cathro H. P., Shen S. S., & Truong L.D., (2018). Diagnostic histochemistry in medical disease of the kidney. Seminars in Diagnostic Patholology , 35(6) , 360-369. Rassian Y., Nasr S.H., Larsen C. P., Colvin R. B., Smyrk T.C., Takahashi N., Bhalodia A., Sohani A.R., Zh ang L., Chari S., Sethi S., Fidler M. E., and Cornell L.D. (2011). Diagnosis of IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis, Journal of American Society of Nephrology . 22(7) , 1343-1352. Stahl, R.A., & Hoxha, E., (2016). Glomerulonephritis. Deutsches Medizinisches Wochenschrift , 141(13) , 960-968. 11

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