Histology (histology of upper urinary tract)

histology of upper urinary tract

1. Histology practical
(Histology of Urinary System)
By : Osama Al-Zahrani
@OSAMA_Z96

2. Kidney
* Component & Characteristics :
1-Cortex.
2-Medulla.
3-Major calyx (Transitional epithelium).
4-Minor calyx.
5-Renal Pelvis (Transitional epithelium).
6-Collecting duct.
7-Glomeruli.
8-Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT).
9-Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT).
* Function :
1-Blood filtration.
2-Hormones production.
3-Minerals absorption.
* Histopathological findings :
-Amyloid degeneration of the kidney.
Minor calyx
Cortex
Glomeruli
Major calyx
Renal Pelvis
Cortex
Medulla
Collecting ducts

4. Adventitia
Ureter
* Component & Characteristics :
1-Transitional Epithelium(Stratified cuboidal).
2-Musculosa:
A) Upper 2/3 :
-Inner longitudinal.
-Outer circular.
B) Lower 1/3 :
-Inner longitudinal.
-Middle circular.
-Outer longitudinal.
3-Adventitia.
4-Narrow (Star-shaped) lumen.
* Function :
-Conduct the urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
* Histopathological findings :
1-UreteritisGlandularis.
2-UreteritisCystica.
Narrow
(Star-shaped)
Lumen
Transitional Epithelium

6. Urinary Bladder
* Component & Characteristics :
1-Transitional epithelium (Urothelium).
2-Umbrella cells :
Bulbous, dome-shaped, 1-2 nuclei with vesicular plaques.
3-Mucosa :
(Transitional epithelium & Lamina propria), Highly folded when empty.
4-Musculosa:
All directions : circular, longitudinal, oblique.
5-Wide lumen.
* Function :
Urine storage.
* Histopathological findings :
1-Cystitis Glandularis.
2-Cystitis Cystica.
Transitional epithelium
with umbrella cells
Wide Lumen
Mucosa

8. Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
* Component & Characteristics :
1-Juxtaglomerular cells.
2-Macula densacells.
3-Mesangealcells (Extraglomerular).
4-Parietal layer of Bowman`s capsule.
5-Visceral layer of Bowman`s capsule.
6-Efferent arteriole.
7-Afferent arteriole.
8-Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT).
9-Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT).
* Function :
Regulate blood pressure and the filtration rate of
the glomerulus.
* Histopathological findings :
1-Membranous Glomerulonephritis
2-Focal segmental Glomerulonephritis
3-Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
4-Chronic Glomerulonephritis
Visceral layer of
Bowman`s capsule
Parietal layer of
Bowman`s capsule
Mesangealcells
Macula densa
DCT
PCT

10. Proximal & Distal Convoluted Tubule
* Component & Characteristics :
1-Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) :
A) High cuboidal cells.
B) Apical many microvilli.
C) Full parallel mitochondria in basal Striations.
D) Narrow lumen.
2-Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT).
A) Low cuboidal cells.
B) Few microvilli.
C) Few basal Striations.
D) Wide lumen.
3-Glomerulus.
4-Parietal layer of Bowman`s capsule.
5-Visceral layer of Bowman`s capsule.
* Function :
-Secretion and Reabsorption.
* Histopathological findings :
1-Acute tubular necrosis.
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
(PCT)
Distal Convoluted Tubule
(PCT)
Visceral layer of Bowman`s capsuleParietal layer of Bowman`s capsule