Histology slides snapshots (first year mbbs)

1. HISTOLOGY SLIDES FIRST YEAR MBBS Rawalpindi Medical College

2. SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM Identification points: Flattened cells Surface view: rounded central nucleus Cross section: elongated nucleus

3. SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM Identification Points: Cuboidal cells (height almost the same as width) Central rounded nuclei Surface view: polygonal

4. SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM Identification points: Single layer of elongated cells Height of cell > width of cell Elongated basal nuclei

5. SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH GOBLET CELLS Identification Points: Elongated column shaped cells (height > width) Elongated basal nuclei Goblet cells have central and oval nuclei

6. STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM Identification points: Multilayered Basal cells: high cuboidal or low columnar Surface layer: cuboidal

7. STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS NON KERATINIZED EPITHELIUM Identification Points: Surface squamous flattened cells No keratin Middle layer: polygonal cells Basal layer: high cuboidal/low columnar cells

8. PSEUDO STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM Identification Points: Single layer of cells Some cells are columnar; others are cuboidal Nuclei lying at different levels; give the false appearance of ‘stratified’ epithelium

9. EPIDIDYMUS

10. TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM Identification Points: Basal layer of cuboidal cells Next, four layers of polygonal cells Next, two layers of pear shaped cells Upper most layer of umbrella shaped cells

11. THIN SKIN Identification Points: Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium Dense irregular CT beneath Hair follicles and roots present Sebaceous glands Sweat glands

12. THICK SKIN Identification Points: Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium No hair roots and follicles Pacinian corpuscles

13. DENSE REGULAR C.T Identification Points: Parallel collagen fibres in the form of bundles Compressed elongated fibroblasts between the collagen fibres

14. MUCOUS ACINI Identification Points: Pyramidal cells Apical portion lightly stained Basal portion darkly stained Flattened nuclei towards the base

15. FIBRO CARTILAGE Identification Points: No perichondrium Chondrocytes within lacunae, arranged in rows Collagen fibres arranged parallel

16. ELASTIC CARTILAGE Identification Points: Perichondrium is present Elastic fibres in matrix Basophilic ground substance around lacunae Chondrocytes in lacunae in the form of isogenous groups

17. HYALINE CARTILAGE Identification Points: Dense Irregular CT (perichondrium) Chondrocytes within lacunae Chondrocytes in the form of isogenous groups Naked eye examination: Bluish white translucent appearance

18. Costal Hyaline cartilage

19. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE Identification Points: Superficial tangential layer Intermediate transitional layer Radial zone Calcified zone

20. COMPACT BONE Identification Points: Haversion Canal Lamellae Osteocytes in lacunae Volkmann’s canal

21. SPONGY BONE Identification Points: Trabeculae Red marrow Spikes Periosteum: outer fibrous, inner cellular

22. CARDIAC MUSCLE Identification Points: Branched Striated Intercalated discs

23. SMOOTH MUSCLE Identification points: Non striated appearance Single central nucleus Spindle shaped cells

24. SKELETAL MUSCLES Identification Points: Characteristic striated appearance Peripheral nuclei Nucleus ovoid in shape

25. PERIPHERAL NERVE

26. CEREBRUM Identification points: Pyramidal and non pyramidal cells Arranged in the form of layers (mention the names) – properly visible only by ‘Nissl staining method’

27. CEREBELLUM Identification Points: From outwards to inwards: Molecular layer with fan shaped dendrites, stellate cells and basket cells (but cell population is very low) Flask shaped Perkinge cells Granular layer (deeply basophilic appearance of closely packed nuclei)

28. SPINAL CORD Identification Points: Central canal Butterfly shaped grey matter Dorsal median sulcus and ventral median fissure (depending on the portion under examination)

29. ELASTIC ARTERY Identification Points: No distinct outer and inner elastic membranes Tunica adventitia: merges with CT, contains vasa vasorum Tunica media: elastic fibres are present in a large amount Tunica intima: Simple squamous endothelium, subendothelial CT

30. MUSCULAR ARTERY Identification Points: Tunica intima: darkly stained Tunica media: smooth muscle fibres arranged in circular patterns Tunica adventitia: collagen (lightly stained); elastic (darkly stained)

31. LYMPH NODE Identification Points: Primary follicles/nodules without germinal centre Secondary follicles/nodules with germinal centre Irregular anastomosing ‘medullary cords’ Subcapsular sinuses

32. THYMUS Identification Points: Medulla is lightly stained Hassall’s corpuscles in medulla Epithelioreticular cells; stellate shaped

33. SPLEEN Identification Points: Red pulp: splenic cord and venous sinuses White pulp: contains lymphatic nodules and germinal centre Splenic sinuses No differentiation into cortex and medulla

34. TONSIL Identification Points: Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium Crypt Trabeculae Lymphatic nodules

35. TRACHEA

36. LUNG Identification Points: Alveoli: Type I alveolar cells (simple squamous epithelium); Type II alveolar cells (cuboidal cells) Respiratory bronchioles: lined by simple cuboidal epithelium

37. ADIPOSE TISSUE (WHITE) Identification Points: Unilocular Nuclei towards periphery Spherical

38. THE END By Nowera Zafar