HistoPATHOLOGY

1. OVERVIEW OF HISTOPATHOLOGY BY SEEMA DERO TRANIEE TECHNOLOGIST

2. INTRODUCTION TO DEPARTMENT OF HISTOPATHOLOGY Histopathology is the department of clinical lab which deals with the study of diff types of tissues The department is based on following benches: Processing Gross Tissue processing Embedding,cutting,H&E Immunohistochemistry Special stains Cytology Semen DR Cytogenetics

3. WHAT IS HISTOPATHOLOGY? Greek word Histo- tissue Pathos- disease suffering refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease. histopathology refers to the examination of a biopsy or surgical specimen by a pathologist , after the specimen has been processed and histological sections have been placed onto glass slides

4. BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY 1.PROCESSING Specimen categories Tissues (with history) Bone (with x- ray) Autopsy (consent form) Body fluids CSF PBCR

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6. BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd.. 2.GROSS SECTION (grossing) specimens are inspected with the bare eye   diagnostic  information further  microscopic   examination. Tissues are saved in different cassettes having different color Yellow (liver, renal) Green (routine) White(bones) Grey(skin) Pink(lymph nodes)

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8. BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd.. 3.TISSUE PROCESSING fixing tissue into paraffin dehydration and clearing tissue is infiltrated with the embedding agent, (paraffin) Tissue processing is always automated for the large volumes of tissues. Automation consists of an instrument that moves the tissues around through the various agents on a preset time scale.

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10. BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd.. 4.EMBEDDING Orientation of tissue in melted parafin which provide a firm medium for keeping all parts of tissue intact Temp of parafin (58-60 C) Instrument used (embedding station) CUTTING Microtome used for cutting about 3-5 micron H&E Hematoxlyin (water based dye) Eosin(counter stain) They stains nucleus & cytoplasm

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13. BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd.. 5.IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY Ag- Ab specific reaction Clinical diagnosis and distinguishing diagnosis of tumor histogenesis Can be used to locate particular cells and proteins Can be used to identify cellular events – e.g.apoptosis

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15. BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd.. 6.SPECIAL STAINS Required when diagnosis is not identified with H&E staining Some of the stains used are Connective tissue ( rapid trichome ) Nucleic acid ( methylene green pyronin ) Carbohydrates(PAS & PASD)

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17. BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd.. 7.CYTOGENETICS Study of chromosomes and its abnormalities chromosome number structure function behavior in relation to gene inheritance, organization and expression Types of disorders: Deletions Inversions Translocation Addition(insertion)

18. BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd.. Types of specimen Blood Bone marrow Amniotic fluid Procedures done Karyo typing G-banding FISH

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20. BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd.. 8.CYTOLOGY Study of cells to know the infection,pre malignant and malignanent changes 2 types of samples Gyane (pap smears) Non Gyane (bodyfluids,CSF,urine,pericardial,pleural.asitic.synovial)

21. BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd.. Procedures done in cytology FNACP FNAC FNAB Staining in cytology H&E Pap Dry ( rapi ) G imesa

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23. BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd.. 9.SEMEN DR Fresh sample of seminal fluid is examined for : Liquefaction Motility Number Morphology Elements of analysis Quantity Color Liquefaction pH

24. BENCHES IN HISTOPATHOLOGY contd.. Tests done are Detailed report IUI (intra uterine insemination) Anti sperm antibody

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