Historical development of community health.pptx

This document provides an overview of the historical development of community health. Community health includes all health related activities which are helpful in obtaining the optimum level of health of community members.
development of community health in India began much later as compared to the developed western countries, yet it was in practice much before its development in western countries. This document describes how ancient civilization had basic sanitation, medicine, and responses to disease outbreaks.

1. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING Presented by:- Ms. Jyoti Chand MSc Nursing Community Health Nursing

2. COMMUNITY A group of people with common characteristics or interest living together within a geographical boundary place where people under usual conditions are found.

3. COMMUNITY HEALTH Refers to the health status of the member of the community to solve the problem affecting their health and to the totality of a health care provided for the community. - according to WHO

4. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING Community health nursing is a synthesis of nursing & Public health practice applied for promoting and preserving the health of people. -according to ANP

5. Historical Development of CHN

6. ANCIENT PERIOD a)VEDIC PERIOD :- Indus valley ( Mohanjo-dara & harappa ) Ancient civilization Environmental Sanitation During 1,400BC- Ayurveda and shiddha medicine started.

7. b)Post Vedic period:- Introduction of medical education by Taxila & Nalanda (Ancient Universities) Hospital system was developed during the region of rahula sankirtyana for men, women and animals.

8. Pre independence The significant events in the history of public health during this period are given below in chronological order:

9. 1757:- The British had established their rule in India. the civil and military services were established . 1825:- The quarantine act was promulgated . 1859:- Establishment of a ‘Commission of public health’. 1873 - A birth and death registration act was promulgated 1880 - The vaccination act was passed. .

10. 1881 - the first of all India census was taken. 1896 - A severe epidemic of plague occurred in India. The plague commission was appointed. 1897 - The Epidemic disease act was promulgated. The Act provides for the prevention of the spread of dangerous epidemic diseases 1911: - The Indian research fund association (now I.C.M.R) was established .

11. 1930:- The all India institute of hygiene and public health, Calcutta was established with aid from the Rockefeller foundation. The child marriage restraint act (Sarda act)established .

12. Cont … 1943:- The health survey and development committee ( Bhore committee)was appointed by the government of india . 1946:- The bhore committee submitted its report .

13. Recommendations Integration of preventive and curative services at all administrative levels.   the committee recommended short term measure, it was proposed that each primary health centre in the rural areas should cater to a population of 40,000.   Long term measure (3million plan) -this plan setting up primary health units with 75 beded hospitals for each 10,000 to 20,000 population and secondary units with 650 bedded hospital again regionalized around district hospital with 2,500 beds   .  

14. Post -Independence 1948- India joined the WHO as a member state. The Employees state insurance act, was passed.

15. Cont … 1950- Planning commission was set up by the government of India. 1951 - Commencement of 1st Five year plan. The B.C.G vaccination programme was launched.

16. Cont … 1955- National filaria control programme was started. 1958- National malaria control programme was changed to eradication programme. 1971- MTP act was passed by parliament. Termination of pregnancy means a procedure to terminate a pregnancy by using medical or surgical methods Up to 20weeks of gestation.

17. Cont … 1975- Integrated child and developmental scheme was launched. Beneficiaries:- Children in the age group of 0-6 years. Pregnant women Lactating mother Women in 15-45 years age group

18. 1977- Eradication of smallpox declared in April by the international commission. Rural health scheme was introduced . 1980- On 8 May, smallpox was officially declared as eradicated from the entire world. 1985- Universal Immunization program was launched. it has two vital component : immunization of pregnant women against tetanus, and immunization of children in their first year of life against the six EPI disease.

19. 1995- Pulse polio immunization program was launched. The last case of polio in the country was reported from howrah of west bengal with date of onset of disease on 13January 2011. Thereafter no polio case has been reported in the country. On 27 march 2014,india was declared as non endemic country for polio.

20. 1997- RCH programme was launched The programme is monitored by the State Family Welfare Bureau which is located at Pune . Essential Components of RCH Programme 1. Prevention and management of unwanted pregnancy. 2. Maternal care that includes antenatal, delivery and postpartum services. 3. Child survival services for newborns and infants. 4. Management of Reproductive Tract Infection (TRIs) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs).

21. 2005 - RCH-2 The Government of Orissa has launched RCH-II programme in the State since April 2005 with goals of reducing IMR . Strategies- 1)essential obstetrical care a. Institutional delivery b. Skilled attendance at delivery 2) Emergency obstetric care a. operationalizing first referral units b. operationalizing PHCs and CHCs for round clock delivery services

22. Janani suraksha yojana :- Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is a safe motherhood intervention under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) being implemented with the objective of reducing maternal and neo-natal mortality by promoting institutional delivery among the poor pregnant women. The Yojana , launched on 12th April 2005, by the Hon’ble Prime Minister, is being implemented in all states.

23. NRHM :- The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched on 12th April 2005, to provide accessible, affordable and quality health care to the rural population, especially the vulnerable groups. NRHM seeks to provide equitable, affordable and quality health care to the rural population, especially the vulnerable groups .