History of 20th english literature

History of 20th English literature
- philosophers of the time
- works of different part or art

1. T he Twenties Century WW Ⅰ & Modernism 200900079 황선우 201000068 신홍희 201100045 김수연 201203001 이다현 201200064 윤 희

2. 01 History 02 Modernist Writers 03 Modernism 04 Literary Works CONNTENTS 05 William Butler Yeats

3. 01 History

4. 01 CONTENTS World War 1 August 1, 1914 Allied Power Vs. Central Power 38 million casualties

5. 01 CONTENTS Technological Advances First successful airplane Dec. 17. 1903. Wright Brothers. Automobiles Large scale of production Started. greater mo­bility and choices.

6. 01 CONTENTS The Great Depression ( f September 4 1929) Originated in US. Stock market crashed. Severe worldwide  economic depression Britain economy was immediately devastated - 2.5 million unempolyment - exports 50%

7. 02 Modernism

8. 02 CONTENTS What is Modernism? (1900-1930) Rather than an artistic style, modernism was a rebellious state of mind that questioned all artistic, scientific, social, and moral conventions

9. 02 CONTENTS Characteristics: Challenging Conventions by embracing nihilism by rejecting every system of belief 3. by believing in the self-sufficiency of each individual work of art 4. by adopting primitivism 5. by exploring perversity 6. by focusing on the city rather than nature

10. 02 CONTENTS Nihilism: The Belief in Nothing •Modernists viewed the world, and especially human existence, as being meaningless. •Modernists rejected the belief that morality and organized religion provided the means for social evolution and/or the betterment of man.

11. 02 CONTENTS Rejection of all Systems of Belief Modernists questioned all accepted systems: –the sciences –political/social/economic paradigms –the arts, especially the Academy

12. 02 CONTENTS Self-sufficiency of a Work of Art Art was not to be judged on the old standard of mimesis , the literal representation of reality. Art needed to be judged on an individual basis. Art should be judged on the basis of how well an artist is able to communicate the purpose of the work as well as the relationship between meaning and form.

13. 02 CONTENTS What Was Acceptable? Goal of the artist was to achieve perfection through the following: 1. a highly polished style 2. use of historical or mythological subject matter 3. a moralistic tone Gustav Klimt. Idylle (1884). Oil on canvas.

14. 02 CONTENTS The Modernist Artist systematically and deliberately developed an art that testifies to all that is strange, unknown, and unlabeled in the self created a new language of images that described the inexpressible expected the viewer/reader to interact with the work Pablo Picasso. Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907). Oil on canvas.

15. 02 CONTENTS Primitivism Modernists rejected technology and the rigidity of society and its institutions. Modernists embraced the natural primal roots of primitive man. Modernists embodied the pursuit of personal and artistic freedom. Pablo Picasso. The Dryad (1908). Oil on canvas.

16. 02 CONTENTS Perversity Modernists explored the uncivilized nature of man. Modernists suggested that being “civilized” was merely a veneer that quickly vanishes. Emile Nolde . Saint Mary of Egypt : Among Sinners (1912). Oil on canvas.

17. 02 CONTENTS Focus on the City Modernists shifted away from nature. •Modernists explored the city as a place of lonely crowds and marginalized individuals Ernst Ludwig Kirchner. Street in Dresden (1907). Oil on canvas

18. 02 CONTENTS Forces that Shaped Modernism technology and the new science the new philosophical paradigms F.H. Bradley Alfred Whitehead Albert Einstein the new psychological paradigms Sigmund Freud Carl Jung Henri Bergson the new geo-political paradigms

19. 02 CONTENTS Technology and the New Sciences generated optimism created dynamic industrial and urban growth accelerated the way life is experienced shrank distances through new communication and transportation systems Switchboard operators

20. 02 CONTENTS Relativity: Space, Time and Light Modern thinkers broke with the belief in classical mechanics. - Newton had asserted that space and time were absolute. - Modernists, on the other hand, questioned objective reality. Instead, the modernists embraced subjectivity. - Observations about reality are observer-dependent.

21. 02 CONTENTS The New Global Economy industrialization social and psychological fragmentation alienation class warfare economic interdependence colonialism cultural cross-fertilization nationalism war

22. 03 Modernist Writers

23. 03 Modernist Writers Who are Modernist writers? The late 19th – the early 20th , mainly in Europe and North America: Disillusion after the WWI (1918) (pick time) Challenge to the ideas of Realism in 19th century Unreliable narrators, exposing "irrationality at the roots of a supposedly rational world“

24. 03 Modernist Writers Who are Modernist writers? Innovative literary techniques: 1) stream-of-consciousness 2) interior monologue 3) multiple points-of-view

25. 03 Modernist Writers Who are Modernist writers? Focused on subjective experiences and personal feeling ∴ Doubts about the philosophical basis of realism, or the need for greater psychological realism

26. 03 Modernist Writers Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) Born in Russian territory and wrote in English after settling in England from 1886 Often with a *nautical setting, depicted trials of human spirit in the midst of an indifferent universe

27. 03 Modernist Writers Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) Modernism was stirring with his works such as Heart of Darkness His narrative style and anti-heroic characters have influenced many other modernist authors

28. 03 Modernist Writers Style of Joseph Conrad His own memories as literary material / Many of characters and names were inspired by actual persons he had met ↔ He could rely on his own observation Skepticism and melancholy → Gives to characters lethal fates.

29. 03 Modernist Writers Style of Joseph Conrad Keenly conscious of tragedy in the world and in his works "What makes mankind tragic is not that they are the victims of nature, it is that they are conscious of it. As soon as you know of your slavery, the pain, the anger, the strife – the tragedy begins."

30. 03 Modernist Writers Ideas of Modernism in Literature Coming Importance of individual emotions and experience Skeptical attitudes and new perspectives on how things were established before A literature for a literature: Independence of the literature

31. 03 Modernist Writers D. H. Lawrence (1885 – 1930) English novelist, poet, playwright, essayist, literary critic and painter His works represent an reflection on the dehumanizing effects of modernity and industrialization

32. 03 Modernist Writers D. H. Lawrence (1885 – 1930) His opinions earned him enemies and he endured official persecution, and misrepresentation Now valued as a visionary thinker of modernism

33. 03 Modernist Writers Works of D. H. Lawrence (1928) (1913) (1923)

34. 04 Literary Works

35. 04 Literary Works Thomas Stearns Eliot 26 September 1888 – 04 January 1965 An essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic American-British Poet Awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1948

36. 04 Literary Works The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Commonly known as " Prufrock “ He began writing it in February 1910 paradigmatic cultural shift from late 19th century to Modernism The poem's structure influenced by his extensive reading of Dante Alighieri

37. 04 Literary Works The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock A dramatic interior monologue of an urban man, stricken with feelings of isolation and an incapability for decisive Prufrock laments his physical and intellectual inertia, the lost opportunities in his life and lack of spiritual progress He is haunted by reminders of unattained carnal love

38. 04 Literary Works Virginia Woolf 25 January 1882 – 28 March 1941 An English writer During the interwar period, she was a significant figure in London literary society

39. 04 Literary Works Virginia Woolf She was a central figure in the influential Bloomsbury Group of intellectuals She suffered from severe bouts of mental illness → committed suicide at the age of 59

40. 04 Literary Works Modern Fiction (essay) It was written in 1919 but published in 1921 It is a criticism of writers and literature from the previous generation It acts as a guide for writers of modern fiction to write what they feel

41. 04 Literary Works James Joyce 2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941 He was an Irish novelist and poet In his early twenties he emigrated permanently to continental Europe

42. 04 Literary Works Dubliners The stories were written when Irish nationalism was at its peak It is a collection of 15 short stories They form a naturalistic depiction of Irish middle class life in and around Dublin

43. 04 Literary Works Dubliners Many of the characters in Dubliners later appear in minor roles in Joyce's novel Ulysses They centre on Joyce's idea of an epiphany: a moment where a character experiences self-understanding or illumination

44. 04 Literary Works Dubliners The initial stories in the collection are narrated by child protagonists They deal with the lives and concerns of progressively older people

45. 04 Literary Works The Dead It is the final short story of Dubliners It develops toward a moment of painful self-awareness Joyce described this as an epiphany It centres on Gabriel Conroy on the night of the Morkan sisters' annual dance and dinner in the first week of January 1904

46. 04 Literary Works The Dead The narrative generally concentrates on Gabriel's insecurities, his social awkwardness, and the defensive way he copes with his discomfort The story culminates at the point when Gabriel discovers that, through years of marriage, there was much he never knew of his wife's past.

47. 05 William Butler Yeats

48. 04 William Butler Yeats William Butler Yeats 1865- 1939 1865 : W.B Yeats was born in Sandymount , Dublin. 1891 : Organization of the Rhymers ’ Club 1899 : Launching of the Irish National Theatre. 1914 : Responsibilities 1923 : Nobel Prize 1925 : A vision 1928 : The Tower

49. 04 William Butler Yeats Major works The wild swans art coole (1917) Easter 1916 – Political poetry/ monody The Lake Isle of Innisfree 유년시절을 보낸 아일랜드의 슬라이고 ( Sligo ) 를 그리워하며 지은 시이다 . Sailing to Byzantium The second coming First Love – for Maud Gonne

50. 04 William Butler Yeats Two women Lady Gregory Yeats became involved in the founding of the Irish National Theatre in 1899 with lady Gregory Active participation in problems of play production

51. 04 William Butler Yeats Two women Maud Gonne “ the great trouble of my life” Many of Yeats's poems are inspired by her, or mention her, such as "This, This Rude Knocking Few poets have celebrated a woman's beauty to the extent Yeats did in his lyric verse about Gonne. From his second book to Last Poems , she became the Rose, Helen of Troy (in No second Troy ), the Ledaean Body (Leda and the Swan and Among School Children), Cathleen Ní Houlihan , Pallas Athene and Deirdre

52. 04 William Butler Yeats Two women Maud Gonne Yeats describe the current historical moment (the poem appeared in 1921) in terms of these gyres. Yeats believed that the world was on the threshold of an apocalyptic revelation, as history reached the end of the outer gyre (to speak roughly) and began moving along the inner gyre magnificent statement about the contrary forces at work in history, and about the conflict between the modern world and the ancient world

53. 00 References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._S._Eliot http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Love_Song_of_J._Alfred_Prufrock http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Woolf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Fiction_(essay) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Joyce http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dead_(short_story)#Plot_summary http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubliners

54. THANK YOU