History of Computer and Computer Network.ppt

History of Computer, Computer Network and Internet

1. History of Computers
Week 1

2. Definition of a Computer
A computer is defined in
the following ways
By the work it does
By the kind of
information it handles
By its size and price

3. Particulars are Moving
Targets
Technology advances at
exponential rates
Computer memory capacity
quadruples every 3 years?
Computer processor speed
doubles every 3 years?
Computer networks - number of
hosts doubles every year

4. Computer Networks
Network - two or more
connected computers
Purpose - sharing or exchange
of information and/or
resources
Benefits
improved efficiency
reduces need for travel…

5. Computers and Networks
Facilitate
Concentration of knowledge and
control
Distribution of knowledge and control
Have the power to
Amass and interrogate enormous
volumes of data
Process data at enormous rates for
real systems and simulations

6. Computers and Networks
Challenge:
Constitutional definitions
Social structures
Lifestyle options

7. What is a Society?
A voluntary association of
individuals for common ends
An enduring and cooperating social
group whose members have
developed organized patterns of
relationships through interaction
with one another
A companionship with one’s
fellows

8. What is a Society?
A part of a community that is a unit
distinguishable by particular aims
or standards of living or conduct
The sum of human conditions and
activity regarded as a whole
functioning interdependently
The customs and organization of
an ordered community

9. How have Computers
Affected Society?
What are the parts of a
society?
What has been the affect of
computers on these parts?
What are the benefits?
What are the problems?
What will happen next?

10. What about the Internet?
In recent years this one
area has affected society
more than any other
How?
What are the issues here?

11. The Parts of a Society
Education
Transportation
Private Sector
Business
Government
Entertainment
Housing

12. The Parts of a Society
Currency (banking)
Jobs
Space
Medicine
Anything else?

13. Technological Revolutions
Agricultural Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Computational Revolution

14. Revolution Comparison
Workforce distribution
Productivity benefits
Breadth of impact

15. How Society Reacts to
Revolutions
Incorporate benefits
Civilize change
Compensate injured
Regain balance

16. Early Calculating
Machines
Abacus
Slide rule
Mechanical calculator
Stepped reckoner
Textile industry - Jacquard
Loom
Difference engine

17. Early Calculating
Machines through those of
today
Analytical engine
The 1890 Census machine
ENIAC
The transistor
The Personal Computer (PC)
The Internet

18. 5 Generations of Modern
Computers
1st Generation 1945 - 1956
Made to order operating
instructions
Different binary coded programs
told it how to operate
Difficult to program and limited
versatility and speed
Vacuum tubes
Magnetic drum storage

19. 2nd Generation 1955-
1963
Transistors
Memory - magnetic core
Assembly language
Printers and memory
Programming languages
Careers

20. 3rd Generation 1964 -
1971
Quartz clock
Integrated circuit
Operating systems

21. 4th Generation 1971 -
now
LSI - Large Scale Integration
VLSI- Very Large Scale
Integration (ULSI)
Chip
General consumer usage
Networks

22. 5th Generation
This is the future
What will it be like?
What changes will be big
enough to create this new
generation?

23. Pioneers of Computing
Charles
Babbage
Konrad Zuse
John von
Neumann
Alan Turing
Steve Jobs

24. Important Machines
IBM 700 Series
IBM 360/370
Series
CDC star
Cray 1
DEC VAX
IBM PC
Apple McIntosh

25. Taxonomy of Computers
Mainframes
Minis
Micros
Supercomputers
Embedded

26. Don’t Forget the Chip
Computers are used in many
different technologies
For example: bread
machine, ATM, cars, TV,
microwave, cash register,
…..
How has this utilization
affected society?

27. ATM Example
Positive
CONVENIENCE
Negative
Unemployment
Alienation and customer service
Crime
Loss of privacy
Errors

28. Reconsider the Problems
Unemployment -> more computer
jobs
Alienation -> go during business
hours
Crime -> add lights, change
angle,etc.
Weigh the positive against the
negative

29. Solutions to Problems
Technical
Managerial
Legal
Market mechanisms
Education

30. Issues to be Studied Due
to Computers in Society
Privacy of communications
Intellectual property
Constitutional issues
General social issues
Professional ethics