History of consTRUCTION

CONSTRUCTION HISTORY FROM PAST TO PRESENT

1. HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION By Ankith kumar tiwari & Ch.omprakash Mahaveer institute of science & technology 1

2. This presentation explain about history of construction. Development of construction from starting stage to present. Various tools and technologies used in construction. Various field involve in it like geotechnical, structural engineering etc., ABSTRACT 2

3. Introduction Chronological development Copper age and bronze age construction Middle ages Seventeenth century E ighteenth century N ineteenth century T wentieth century T wenty-first century Conclusion CONTENT 3

4. The  History of construction  overlaps many other fields like structural engineering and rely on other branches of science like   archaeology, history  and architecture to investigate how the builders lived. T he tools used and the different uses of building materials . Time to time variation and technology’s involved in construction. INTRODUCTION 4

5. Neolithic construction Neolithic, also known as the New Stone Age, was a time period roughly from 9000 BC to 5000 BC. it was the last period of the age before wood working began. These tools used to cut materials are the hand axe, chopper, adze. They used the locally available material for construction. Building materials included bones such as mammoth ribs, stone, metal, bark, bamboo, clay, lime plaster, and more. CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT 5

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7. Copper came into use before 5,000 BC and bronze around 3,100 BC, although the times vary by region . Copper and bronze were used instead of tools like axe, chisel.  Bronze was cast into desired shapes and if damaged could be recast . The Egyptians began building stone temples with the post and lintel construction method and the Greeks and Romans followed this style. COPPER AGE AND BRONZE AGE CONSTRUCTION 7

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9. The  Middle Ages of Europe span from the 5th to 15th centuries AD. Began with the end of the Roman era and many techniques were adopted. Most buildings in Northern Europe were constructed of timber until 1000 AD  Brick continued to be manufactured in Italy throughout the period 600–1000 AD. Medieval stone walls were constructed using cut blocks on the outside of the walls and rubble infill, with weak lime mortars. MIDDLE AGES 9

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11. The seventeenth century saw the birth of modern science which effects on building construction architect-engineers began to use experimental science to design buildings. Many tools introduced in modern technology, but the line gauge, plumb-line, the  carpenter's square , the spirit level, and the drafting compass are still in regular use .  pulleys allowed comparatively large loads to be lifted, and ramps were used to lift loads up to the upper parts of buildings. SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 11

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13. The development of many ideas born in the late seventeenth century. The architects and engineers became increasingly professionalised. Large-scale mill construction required fire-proof buildings and cast iron became increasingly used for columns and beams to carry brick vaults for floors. Brick production increased markedly during this period  Bricks were made by hand and fired in kilns no different to those used for centuries before . EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 13

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15. It was an industrial revolution time. The   new kinds of  transportation installations , such as  railways ,  canals and   macadam  roads . New construction devices included  steam engines, machine tools,  explosives and optical  surveying. Building codes have been applied since the 19th century, with special respect to fire safety. NINETEENTH CENTURY 15

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17. With the Second Industrial Revolution in the early 20 th century elevators and   cranes made  high rise  buildings. Other new technologies were  prefabrication and  computer-aided design . In the end of the 20th century, ecology, energy conservation and   sustainable development have become more important issues of construction. TWENTIETH CENTURY 17

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19. A new generation of wood building products, techniques are being used in increasing numbers and types of buildings. Advanced technology and modern building codes are also expanding the use and opportunities for wood in construction . The latest technology reduces cost of construction and increase strength of building. and time management is done through latest technology. TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY 19

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21. THIS IS HOW THE GROWTH OCCURRED IN CONSTRUCTION AND ALSO IT SHOWS CIVILIZATION OF HUMAN BEINGS CONCLUSION 21

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