History of Database

A database is a collection of information that is organized so that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one view, databases can be classified according to types of content: bibliographic, full-text, numeric, and images.....

1. Saira Majeed Class BS(CS) IV Roll No 738 Hafiz Hamza Ashraf [email protected]

2. History Of DataBase Ancient Times : Human beings began to store information very long ago. In the ancient times, elaborate database systems were developed by government offices, libraries, hospitals, and business organizations, and some of the basic principles of these systems are still being used today. 1970 to 1972 : E.F. Codd published an important paper to propose the use of a relational database model, and his ideas changed the way people thought about databases. In his model, the database’s schema, or logical organization, is disconnected from physical information storage, and this became the standard principle for database systems.

3. Continue Early 1990s : After a database industry shakeout, most of the surviving companies sold complex database products at high prices. Around this time, new client tools for application development were released, and these included the Oracle Developer, PowerBuilder, VB, and others. A number of tools for personal productivity, such as ODBC and Excel/Access, were also developed. Prototypes for Object Database Management Systems, or ODBMS, were created in the early 1990s.

4. File Systems Gggggg

5. Continue The file system was conceived as an overarching organizational paradigm that closely resembled that of a filing cabinet. Records were treated as discrete objects which could be placed in folders (or directories). These folders could themselves be placed in other folders, creating a hierarchy that terminated in a single directory which contained all records and child folders.

6. What are Databases? Databases are basically containers for data. Because a public library stores books, we could also say that a library is a database of books. But strictly defined, databases are computer structures that save, organize, protect, and deliver data. A system that contains databases is called a database management system, or DBM. The typical diagram representation for a database is a cylinder.

7. Database Management Systems

8. Continue In the 1960s, as vendors began marketing computerized logistics technologies for manufacturing and wider laboratory use, we saw the advent of database management systems (DBMS). DBMSs, or the modern database, allowed users to marshal vast quantities of data. The arduous task of organizing records on the storage medium for optimal access was now handled by a subsystem called the database management system.

9. Relational Databases Relational databases separated data from applications accessing that data, enabling manipulation of information through the use of a query language, whereby selection of specific data could be performed efficiently through construction of statements containing logical operators.

10. Database - Advantages & Disadvantages    Advantages Reduced data redundancy Reduced updating errors and increased consistency Greater data integrity and independence from applications programs Improved data access to users through use of host and query languages Improved data security Reduced data entry, storage, and retrieval costs Facilitated development of new applications program    Disadvantages Database systems are complex, difficult, and time-consuming to design Substantial hardware and software start-up costs Damage to database affects virtually all applications programs Extensive conversion costs in moving form a file-based system to a database system Initial training required for all programmers and users

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