history of indian Journalism

history of Journalism in india

1. HISTORY OF INDIAN
JOURNALISM

2. What is Journalism?
•“Knowledge of the current events is journalism. It
involves obtaining the facts their critical evaluation and
appropriate representation of such events”-C.G Muller
•Mainly concerned with newspaper
•NEWS: North , East, West and South

3. Objectives of journalism:
•Information
•Education
•Entertainment

4. Different types of
journalism:
•Investigatory journalism
•Journalism for electronic media
•Rural journalism
•Child journalism
•Science journalism
•Economic journalism
•Educational journalism
•Sports journalism
•Film journalism
•Cultural journalism

5. Who is journalist?
•“A journalist is the person who wants to give a definite
direction to the public through his writings published at
short intervals”-T.H.S Scott
•Ancient Indian Journalist:
•Narada: First Journalist on Earth and also known as
ancient father of journalism

6. Journalism in medieval
period
•Chaupals
•Panghats
•Moving on the horses and elephants
•Mughal emperors developed the technique of news letter
•The Mauryans were the first to start circulating
newsletters in India
•Renaissance and age of discovery

7. PIONEERS OF INDIAN
JOURNALISM

8. William bolts
FirstattempttostartanewspaperinCalcuttain1776buthis
effortstopublishnewspaperwerenotapprovedbytheCompany

9. JAMES AUGUSTUS HICKEY:
•JamesAugustusHickeywhopublishedthefirstnewspaperIn
January29
th
1780,ItwascalledtheBengalGazette,Calcutta
GeneralAdvertiserandHicky’sgazette
•HickeyisregardedasthefatheroftheIndianpress
•HedescribedBengalgazetteweeklypoliticalandcommercial
paperopentoallpartiesbutinfluencedbynone
•JamesAugustusHickey’spersonalcontentionwiththeBritish
ruleoritsrepresentative-EastIndiaCompany

10. •ThecontentwasmainlyforcriticizingtheEastIndia
Company.Buttomakeitmorecatchyandreadable,Hickey
addedotherthingsfourpageGazette,likeaGossipcolumn,a
poet’scorner,newsrelatedtheEuropeanscandalsandmost
importantlytheadvertisement
•Thereweretworivalgroups:onegroupsupportingWarren
Hastings,andanothergroupledbyPhilipFranciswhohimself
anaspirantofthepostoftheGovernorGeneral.
•ThenewspaperwasentirelyagainstWarrenHastingsandhis
friendElijahImpey,thechiefjusticeoftheSupremeCourt.
•Thenewspapersurvivedonlyfortwoyears.

11. AfterBengalGazette:
•Rivalpaper(MessinkandReed)establishedIndiaGazettein
theyear1780asavoiceagainstBengalGazette.Itwasanew
paperofqualityandstandardincomparisontoHickey’s
newspaper,IndiaGazetteenjoyedthepatronageofWarren
Hastingsintheformofallfacilitiesfromhim.Approximately
200newspapers/journalscameintoexistencebetween1780
and1857butmostofthemwereclosedwithinshortduration
oftime.

12. Early Newspapers of Calcutta
• 1780 November –India Gazette by Bernard Mess ink
•1784 February –Calcutta Gazette and Oriental
Advertiser
•1785 February –Bengal Journal by Thomas Jones
•1785 May –Oriental Magazine/Calcutta Amusement,
first monthly
•1786 January –Calcutta Chronicle
•1796 –The Telegraph
•1799 –The Relator
•1795 –The Harakuru, name changed in 1864 Indian
Daily News

13. Early newspapers of Madras
• 1785–MadrasCourierbyRichardJohnson
•1795WeeklyMadrasGazettebyRobertWilliam
• 1795–IndianHeraldbyHumphrey(withoutauthority
wasarrested)
•Asaresultcensorshipwasintroducedin1795

14. Early Press in Bombay
• 1789–BombayHerald,weekly
• 1790–BombayCourierbyLukeAshberner,name
changedtoBombayTimesin1838undertheeditorshipof
RobertKnight
•1791–BombayGazette
•1792-BombayheraldandBombayGazettemerged
•1816–BengalGazette,ThefirstIndianownednewspaper
byGangadharBhattacharya

15. James Silk Buckingham
•Father of indianjournalism
•He came to India in 1818 as the editor of the “ Calcutta
Chronicle”
•Biweekly paper consisitingof 8 pages
•Contain political, commercial and literary news and views.
•This set a new standard in calcuttajournalism as
correspondence columns were open to all who had grievance.
•Buckingham paper was interested in discussing the acts and
policies of bengalgovermnet, postal service ,the police , the
military establishment and government attitude to various
matters of public interest.

16. •Buckingham criticisedthe policy of sati and denounced
the government’s failure to put an and to this system.
•Calcutta journal was acknowledged to be the be the best
produced paper and the best in content and
presentation.
•Bucknghamfirst encounter with authoritoesof east india
company col rubinson.
•In englandbuckinghamstarted the “ Oriental Herald”
•Role and contribution of buckinghamin indianjournalism
:

17. •Imparted a quality of leadership
•Unbiased news
•Made the newspaper the mirror of the people
•He set a examples of others.