History of intelligence test

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1. History of Intelligence Test

2. Alfred Binet July 8, 1857 – October 18, 1911 A French psychologist who invented the first practical intelligence test, the Binet -Simon scale . Jan 1904, Binet started to develop a test to identify children with special needs in school. The test was the IQ test.

3. Lewis Terman January 15, 1877 – December 21, 1956 Jan 1911, Lewis Terman adapted Binet's tests to numerically measure inherited intelligence. He is best known for his revision of the Stanford- Binet IQ test and for initiating the longitudinal study of children with high IQs called the Genetic Studies of Genius. He was a prominent eugenicist and was a member of the Human Betterment Foundation.

4. Primary Mental Abilities 5 Jan 1920 Thurstone's primary mental abilities breaks intelligence into seven factors. word fluency verbal comprehension spatial visualization number facility associative memory Reasoning perceptual speed

5. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 5 Jan 1955 David Weschsler created the most widely used intelligence test which consists of 11 subtests

6. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 11 subsets Verbal WAIS scales Information : 29 questions - a measure of general knowledge Digit Span : The sets of digits to repeat initially forwards then backwards Vocabulary : A measure of expressive word knowledge Arithmetic : 14 mental arithmetic brief story type problems Comprehension : 16 questions which focus on issues of social awareness . Similarities : A measure of concept formation .

7. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 11 subsets Performance WAIS scales Picture Completion : 20 small pictures that all have one vital detail missing P icture Arrangement : 10 sets of small pictures , where the subject is required to arrange them into a logical sequence Block Design : Involves putting sets of blocks together to match patterns on cards Digit Symbol : Involves copying a coding pattern . Object Assembly : Four small jig-saw type puzzles

8. Triarchic Theory Jan 1985 Robert Sternberg's theory of three intelligences including analytical, creative, and practical. A general theory of human intelligence. Focused on analogies and syllogistic reasoning. Sternberg has used the theory to explain exceptional intelligence (gifted and retardation) in children and also to critique existing intelligence tests. 

9. Componential Subtheory outlines the structures and mechanisms that underlie intelligent behavior categorized as metacognitive, performance, or knowledge acquisition components Experiential Subtheory proposes intelligent behavior be interpreted along a continuum of experience from novel to highly familiar tasks/situations Contextual Subtheory specifies that intelligent behavior is defined by the sociocultural context in which it takes place and involves adaptation to the environment, selection of better environments, and shaping of the present environment.

10. Multiple Intelligences Jan 1983 Howard Gardner has theory that human being has multiple intelligences

11. Multiple Intelligences 1. Linguistic intelligence  involves sensitivity to spoken and written language, the ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals. This intelligence includes the ability to effectively use language to express oneself rhetorically or poetically 2. Logical-mathematical intelligence  consists of the capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically. This intelligence is most often associated with scientific and mathematical thinking. 3. Musical intelligence  involves skill in the performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns. It encompasses the capacity to recognize and compose musical pitches, tones, and rhythms. According to Howard Gardner musical intelligence runs in an almost structural parallel to linguistic intelligence.

12. Multiple Intelligences 4. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence  entails the potential of using one’s whole body or parts of the body to solve problems. It is the ability to use mental abilities to coordinate bodily movements. Howard Gardner sees mental and physical activity as related. 5. Spatial intelligence  involves the potential to recognize and use the patterns of wide space and more confined areas. 6. Interpersonal intelligence  is concerned with the capacity to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people. Educators, salespeople, religious and political leaders and counsellors all need a well-developed interpersonal intelligence. 7. Intrapersonal intelligence  entails the capacity to understand oneself, to appreciate one’s feelings, fears and motivations. In Howard Gardner’s view it involves having an effective working model of ourselves, and to be able to use such information to regulate our lives.

13. References infed.org | Howard Gardner, multiple intelligences and ... ( n.d. ). Retrieved from http://infed.org/mobi/howard-gardner-multiple-intelligences-and-education/ Triarchic Theory - Instructional Design. ( n.d. ). Retrieved from http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/triarchic-theory.html Lewis Terman - Wikipedia. ( n.d. ). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Terman IQ Test | Encyclopedia of Psychology. ( n.d. ). Retrieved from https://psychcentral.com/encyclopedia/what-is-an-iq-test/