History of literature

History of literature

1. History of Literature John Miguel F. Morales BSE-English

2. The Earliest Literature 5500 years ago- Ancient Sumerians 3000’s BC- Assyrians, Babylonians, Egyptians and Hebrews Old Testament- Outstanding work of literature Chinese, Indians, and Persians- Created many significant works of literature influenced Western Literature

3. Ancient Literature 900-300 BC- Civilization developed in Ancient Greece Epic Age Homer- 700BC, Iliad & Odyssey Lyric Age(800-475 BC) Sappho- love Pindar- songs of praise Attic Age (475-300 BC) Tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides Comedies of Aristophanes Herodotus Father of History wrote about Persian war Plato and Aristotle Most important Greek writers Influenced Western Civilization

4. Ancient Literature Alexandrian Age (300-146 BC) Theocritus Pastoral Poetry Greco-Roman Age (146 BC – 529 AD) Lives of Plutarch and Greek Anthologies Titus Maccius Plautus and Terenc Writers of Latin comedies Vigil Greatest Roman Poet The Aeneid Ovid Metamorphoses 250 stories Marcus Tullius Cicero Philippics Attacking Mark Antony Julius Caesar Commentaries on the Gallic War

5. The Middle Ages 400’s – 1400’s Rome fell to the Goths- 400’s Greek and Roman poems and plays were forgotten Epic Poetry were brought Beowulf (700) Anglo-Saxon epic The Song of Roland (1100) French song Nibelungenlied / Song of the Nibelungs (1200) Scandinavian Sagas (1200’s) Narrative stones of adventure, fantasy and love 900’s – 1200’s The Celtic tales of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table Great Britain Lyric Poetry (1100’s – 1200’s) Troubadours and Trouveres (France) and Minnesingers (Germany) Love Songs Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedy First serious literary work written in European Language Geoffrey Chaucer (1300’s) Father of English Poetry Canterbury Tales Fix the form of English Language

6. The Renaissance Italy (1300) Europe (1400’s-1500’s) Petrarch Sonnet Giovanni Boccaccio Decameron Collection of hundred short stories Essays of Michael de Montaigne (France) Rollicking Tales of Francois Rabelais (France) England (1500’s) Francis Bacon Christopher Marlowe Blank Verse The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus Ben Jonson William Shakespeare Spanish Literature Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Spain’s best-known writer Don Quixote (1600’s) Worlds Greatest Novel

7. The Age of Reason Greek and Roman classics gained new importance (1600’s-1700’s) Neoclassicist Rejected the authority of religious traditions Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Sir Isaac Newton Civil war in England (1642) Cavaliers Defending the King Puritans Defended the Parliament French Classics (1600’s) Tragedies of Pierre Corneille and Jean Baptiste Racine and Comedies of Moliere Voltaire

8. Romanticism Europe (1700’s-1800’s) Jean Jacques (France) Represented the spirit of rebellion against the neoclassic world

9. Realism Stendhal, Honore de Balzac, and Gustave Flaubert of France Ivan Turgenev, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Leo Tolstoy of Russia Charles Dickens Realism was mixed with romanticism Emile Zola of France led the naturalist movement in literature Walt Whitman Combined realism and romanticism

10. The 1900's Writers increasingly experimented with form and technique in novels, stories, plays, and poems Literature often expressed the optimism and conservative ideals Authors of the 1920s wrote about disillusioned and rootless characters Lost Generation Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald of the United States The Great Depression of the 1930s led to literature that protested against what the authors considered unjust social conditions Latin-American and Japanese authors first gained international acclaim