History of Philippine Cultures, beliefs.

Traditions, culture, norms, and beliefs

1. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY

2. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY WHO AM I?

3. CULTURES IN THE PHILIPPINES 02 ( ASPECTS, CHARACTERISTIC, ELEMENTS AND LEVELS OF CULTURE )

4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EXPLAIN WHAT CULTURE IS. 01 PROVIDE EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT CULTURES IN THE PHILIPPINES 02 APPRECIATE THE CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN THE PHILIPPINES   03

5. ASPECTS OF CULTURE

6. Refers to physical or technological aspects of our daily lives Tangible in our environment Food items, tools, buildings, factories, dresses, artworks MATERIAL CULTURE

7. Refers to the beliefs, values, traditions, languages, and customs that shape society’s way of life They are intangible They are more resistant to change. (Non-material culture is harder to change because it is tied to identity, emotions, traditions, and deeply held beliefs- changing values and traditions requires time, education, and social acceptance) NON-MATERIAL CULTURE

8. Period of maladjustment when the non-material culture is adapting to new material conditions.   Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage – While other countries have adapted to LGBTQ+ rights, the Philippines still faces debates due to strong religious and cultural beliefs. Traditional vs. Online Education – The sudden shift to online learning during the pandemic caused adjustment difficulties for students, teachers, and parents. CULTURE LAG

9. Culture is a complex and dynamic system that shapes how people think, behave, and interact within a society. It is not just about traditions or artifacts; it influences every aspect of life, from language and customs to technology and beliefs. Understanding culture involves recognizing that it is shared, symbolic, integrative, adaptive, changing, and all-encompassing.

10. CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

11. Culture is not inherited; it is acquired through socialization and education from family, peers, schools, and media. Examples :   Bowing slightly or doing “mano” – Children are taught to take an elder’s hand and place it on their forehead as a sign of respect. Eating with hands (“ Kamayan ”) – Many Filipinos learn from their parents or community to eat using their hands, especially during boodle fights. CULTURE IS LEARNED

12. The process by which an individual learns their native culture through experience, observation, and instruction. Examples : A child growing up in a Muslim Filipino family learns to observe Ramadan and daily prayers. Indigenous Ifugao children learn to build and maintain rice terraces as part of their heritage. ENCULTURATION

13. Culture is not personal; it is common to a group of people, allowing them to connect and function as a society. Examples: Filipinos celebrate fiestas together, strengthening community bonds. The Bayanihan spirit (helping neighbors move houses or recover from disasters) reflects shared Filipino values. CULTURE IS SHARED

14. Culture uses symbols, such as language, gestures, and artifacts, to represent meanings and ideas. Examples in the Philippines: 1. The Barong Tagalog and Terno symbolize Filipino identity and are worn during important occasions. 2. The "mano" gesture symbolizes respect for elders when greeting them. CULTURE IS SYMBOLIC

15. Culture itself acts as a representation of identity, values, and traditions within a group. Examples in the Philippines:   1. The Philippine flag represents national identity, with each color symbolizing different values (e.g., blue for peace, red for bravery). 2. The "Harana" (serenading) tradition symbolizes courtship and romantic expression in Filipino culture CULTURE IS A SYMBOL

16. Culture connects different aspects of society, such as language, religion, economy, and government. Examples in the Philippines: 1. Filipino Language – The Filipino language integrates words from Spanish (“mesa”), Chinese (“siopao”), and English (“computer”) into daily conversations. 2. Filipino cuisine integrates various influences, combining Chinese, Spanish, and American flavors (e.g., Lechon, Lumpia, and Siomai ). Lechon – The tradition of roasting a whole pig comes from Spain but has been uniquely perfected in the Philippines. Lumpia – Inspired by Chinese spring rolls, but adapted with Filipino flavors and sauces. CULTURE IS INTEGRATIVE

17. Culture adapts and adjusts to changes in society, environment, and technology. Explanation: People modify traditions to suit or match the modern needs while still preserving their identity. Examples in the Philippines : 1. From "Harana" to Online Dating – Courtship traditions have shifted from serenading to chatting on social media. 2. From Traditional Baybayin to Modern Filipino Alphabet – The writing system has evolved to match modern communication needs. CULTURE IS ADAPTIVE

18. Culture is dynamic and constantly evolving due to innovations, external influences, and generational shifts. A. Internal Changes / Innovations Changes that happen within a society due to new ideas or practices. Examples in the Philippines: 1. Evolution of Filipino clothing – The Barong Tagalog now comes in short-sleeve and colored variations to fit modern fashion. 2. The modernization of jeepneys to electric vehicles for environmental sustainability. CULTURE IS CHANGING

19. B . External Changes / Cultural Diffusion Changes brought by interaction with foreign cultures through trade, colonization, or media. Examples in the Philippines : 1. The influence of Korean pop culture, with Filipinos embracing K-dramas and K-pop music. 2. Filipino fast food influenced by American culture – Jollibee, a local brand, adopted the concept of burgers, fries, and fried chicken from McDonald's. CULTURE IS CHANGING

20. Culture influences every aspect of human life, including language, traditions, beliefs, customs, social norms, and even modern trends. Filipino Greetings and Respect : The practice of saying “po” and “ opo ” and performing “mano po” to elders reflects how culture shapes communication and respect. Food Habits – Eating rice in almost every meal and using hands to eat in traditional settings (e.g., “boodle fight”) show how culture influences dining customs. Religious and Social Practices – The observance of Simbang Gabi during Christmas and the widespread devotion to religious festivals (e.g., Sinulog, Pahiyas ) highlight how culture influences spirituality. CULTURE IS ALL-ENCOMPASING

21. QUIZ

22. QUIZ: Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the correct answer by selecting the letter that corresponds to your choice. Which of the following best defines culture? A. The study of human behavior and society B. A set of beliefs, customs, practices, and material traits of a group of people C. The legal system that governs a nation D. A scientific method used to analyze societies 2. Which of the following is an example of material culture in the Philippines? A. Respect for elders through “po” and “ opo ” B. The practice of Bayanihan C. The Barong Tagalog and Terno D. The concept of utang na loob (debt of gratitude)  

23. QUIZ: Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the correct answer by selecting the letter that corresponds to your choice. 3. Which of the following is an example of culture lag in the Philippines? A. The delayed implementation of laws regarding online privacy and cybercrimes B. The quick adoption of social media trends among Filipinos C. The rise of K-pop influence in Filipino entertainment D. The preference for rice over bread in Filipino households 4. How is culture learned? A. Through genetic inheritance B. Through education, family, and social interactions C. Through instinct and personal experience only D. Through government policies and laws  

24. QUIZ: Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the correct answer by selecting the letter that corresponds to your choice. 5. Which of the following shows that culture is integrative? A. The use of Western clothing alongside traditional attire B. The strict separation of indigenous and modern practices C. The rejection of foreign influences in Filipino culture D. The refusal to modify traditional dances and songs 6. Which of the following is an example of an external cultural change? A. Filipinos developing new local street food like “ kwek-kwek ” B. The influence of Korean dramas on Filipino entertainment preferences C. The practice of harana (serenading) evolving into online courtship D. The creation of new Filipino dialects over time  

25. QUIZ: Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the correct answer by selecting the letter that corresponds to your choice. 7. Which element of culture refers to shared beliefs about what is good, right, and desirable? A. Norms B. Values C. Language D. Laws 8. What is an example of cultural relativism? A. Accepting and respecting indigenous tattoo practices in the Cordilleras B. Judging another culture as inferior to one’s own C. Rejecting foreign influences in Filipino customs D. Believing that only modern cultures are correct and advanced  

26. QUIZ: Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the correct answer by selecting the letter that corresponds to your choice. 9. What is an example of maladaptive culture in the Philippines? A. Using modern farming techniques to improve rice production B. Over-reliance on jeepneys, causing heavy traffic and pollution C. Practicing both Catholicism and indigenous beliefs D. The integration of indigenous weaving in modern fashion 10. What level of culture includes Filipino traditions that are also found in other countries? A. National culture B. International culture C. Subculture D. Regional culture  

27. ANSWER KEYS 1 . B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. B  

28. ESSAY

29. Appreciating cultural diversity is crucial because it promotes inclusivity, strengthens national identity, and fosters mutual respect. When Filipinos recognize the value of different traditions, they create a society that is united despite differences. Embracing diversity does not mean losing one’s own culture; rather, it enriches the Filipino identity and allows it to thrive in a globalized world. Why is it important to appreciate the different cultures in the Philippines?

30. ASSIGNMENT

31. ASSIGNMENT Take or collect pictures of three cultural elements in your community (e.g., traditional food, clothing, or festivals). Write a short description of each and explain its significance. Write your answers on a short bond paper.

32. LEVELS OF CULTURE

33. International - Is the term for cultural traditions that extend beyond and across national boundaries. National - Refers to the beliefs, learned behavior patterns, values and institutions shared by citizens of the same nation. 3 LEVELS OF CULTURE 04 Subculture - Are different symbol-based patterns and traditions associated with particular groups in the same complex society.

34. Ethnocentrism - Is the tendency to view one’s own culture as superior and to apply one’s own cultural values in judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other cultures. Cultural Relativism - The argument that behavior in one culture should not be judged by the standards of another culture. Human Rights - The idea of human rights challenges cultural relativism by invoking a realm of justice and morality beyond and superior to particular countries, cultures, and religions.

35. Cultural Rights - Groups in action such as religious and ethnic minorities and indigenous societies. It includes a group’s ability to preserve its culture, to raise its children in the way it forebears, to continue its language, and not be deprived of its economic base by the nation in which it is located. IPR – Intellectual Property Rights (Ethnomedicine) Are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds.

36. ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

37. Filipino (Tagalog): One of the two official languages of the Philippines, widely spoken across the country.- Cebuano: A widely spoken dialect in the Visayas region. LANGUAGE 08

38. Respect for Elders ( Paggalang sa Nakatatanda ) : Filipinos are expected to show respect to older individuals, using honorific titles such as "Lolo" or "Lola" for grandparents. NORMS 08

39. Bayanihan (Community Spirit): Filipinos are expected to help one another, especially in times of need. NORMS 08

40. Positive Sanction : A Filipino who shows respect to an elder will receive a blessing or words of appreciation. TYPES OF NORMS (SANCTIONS) 05 Negative Sanction : A Filipino who disrespects an elder may receive a scolding or be ostracized by the community.

41. Pamilya (Family): Family is highly valued in Filipino culture, with close-knit families being the norm. VALUES 08

42. Hiya (Shame): Filipinos place a high value on avoiding shame or embarrassment, which can influence behavior and decision-making. VALUES 08

43. ADAPTIVE AND MALADAPTIVE CULTURAL PRACTICES

44. Bayanihan (Community Spirit): This practice helps communities come together to achieve common goals, promoting social cohesion and resilience. CULTURAL ADAPTIVE 08

45. Nepotism: The practice of giving favor or preference to family members or friends in business or professional matters can lead to corruption and unfair treatment. MALADAPTIVE 08

46. These are just a few examples of the elements of culture in the Philippines. Filipino culture is rich and diverse, with many variations across different regions and communities.

47. THANK YOU THANK YOU