History of The Philippines Chapter 1 PPT

This chapter delves into the rich and diverse history of the Philippines before Spanish colonization. It explores the early social structures, cultural practices, and economic activities of various indigenous groups across the archipelago. Discover how trade, religion, and governance flourished in the pre-colonial period, setting the foundation for the nation's identity long before foreign influence shaped its destiny.

1. HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES AND THE FILIPINO PEOPLE 1

2. HISTORY A record of past events that happened in our world. History is a record of the human past from the time written records began to appear. The study of events and developments concerning people in the past. The Historian should do other important tasks: a. Interpret and recreate facts in an orderly manner. b. Discover patterns and trends which govern the behavior of people and nations. 2

3. THE ASSUMPTION IN HISTORY *Events *Lesson *Knowledge *History is a narrative of human condition. *History is a collection of data. *Explanation is the end product of evaluation and analysis *History has a logical explanation. 3

4. Carl Hempel Sufficient data/basis to explain why a particular event happens. Robin George Collingwood Events are independent and individual human actions Path to Revolution *Deprivation of Basic Human Rights *Unequal distribution of wealth *Authoritarian regime 4

5. Arnold Toynbee A British historian and philosopher of history. Ideas and approach to history The rise and fall of civilization in the course of human history. Civilization decline when their leaders stopped responding creatively. 5

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7. II. IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY 1. Bridging the gap between the present and the past 2. Explaining the Causes of things and Events 3. Projecting the future 4. Interpreting Conditions of a given space and time 5. Promoting Nationalism and Patriotism 7

8. III. SOURCES OF HISTORY A. WRITTEN INSCRIBED SOURCES Birth and death certificates, Marriage Certificates, Directories, Church Records, Letters and Diaries, Local newspapers, Census reports, Title deeds, School records, Government records, Business records, Police records, Books, Journals and magazines, Hospital records, Inscription. 8

9. B. VISUAL MATERIALS AND ARTIFACTS Photographs, Heirlooms, Arts and crafts, Tools, weapons, and utensils, Old structures and landmarks, Buried artifacts, Skeletal remains. C. INTERVIEWS D. ORAL HISTORY 9

10. IV. PROBLEMS AND DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING HISTORY 1. Scarcity of written materials, especially in the local level. 2. Problems of translation with regard to documents written in other languages. 3. Biases and prejudices on the part of foreign writers. 4. Lack of representative materials for the whole country. 5. Lack of historians. 10

11. V. THE ORIGIN OF THE PHILIPPINES THE LEGEND The origin of the country was a belief of the Visayans and Tagalogs that a legendary bird provoke a quarrel between the sea and the sky. The sea threw up the waves and the sky rained down rocks to calm the sea and became the Philippines. The bird became thirsty and landed on the land and pecked the bamboo and this came out a man and woman. 11

12. THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY Fritjof Voss a German believed the islands were volcanic in origin noting the presence of many volcanoes and dotted with more than 200 dormant volcanoes including the active ones. Alfred Wegener proposed the continental drift theory. Earth’s crust was divided into plates and the world’s continents and ocean floor lie on the continental plates moving like a conveyor belt. 12

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14. Fritjof Voss 14

15. Alfred Wegener 15

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17. V. TRAITS FILIPINO TRAITS The value of certain traits like hospitality, pakikisama, close family ties, respect of elders and loyalty. Positive Filipino Traits Negative Filipino Traits Hospitality Gambling Pakikisama Superstition Close family ties Extreme personalism Respect of elders Extreme family centeredness Loyalty Crab Mentality Fatalism 17

18. FACTS AND FIGURES Area 300,000 sq km Number of Provinces 79 Number of Barangays 41,969 NCR 17 Number of Regions 17 Number of Cities 115 Number of Municipalities 1,499 Capital Manila Currency Peso Highest Mountain Mount Apo National Bird Philippine Eagle National Fruit Mango 18

19. NEW REGIONS AUTONOMOUS REGION OF MUSLIM MINDANAO (ARMM) CALABAR ZONE Basilan Batangas Sulu Cavite Tawi Tawi Laguna Lanao Del Sur Quezon Maguindanao Rizal 19

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22. CORDILLERA AUTONOMOUS REGION (CAR) Abra CARAGA Apayao Benguet Agusan Del Norte Ifugao Agusan Del Sur Kalinga Surigao Del Norte Mountain Province Surigao Del Sur MIMAROPA Marinduque Romblon Occ. Mindoro Palawan Oriental Mindoro 22

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26. I. ARCHIPELAGO NAME A. Chinese Traders (Sung Dynasty) referred the islands as Ma- yi *Chau Ju-Kua a trader called it Mai *Ferdinand Magellan name the islands as Isla de San Lazarus (Archipelago of San Lazarus) *Philippines came from the word Filipinas given by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos in honor the King Philip II of Spain. *Fr. Juan Delgado called Manila Pearl of the Orient 26

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28. *Pearl of the Orient Seas given by Dr. Jose P. Rizal *Giovanni Batista Ramuso published Filipinas on the map in Venice in 1554 *Philippine Islands was named during the American Period *Philippines was named after the second world war 28

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30. B. GEOGRAPHY *Philippines was located in Southeast Asia west of the Pacific Ocean North latitude and East latitude. *7,107 islands and the largest is Luzon an area of 143,395 sq km. Second was Mindanao an area of 111,999 sq km. *Manila Bay one of the finest harbors in the world *17 regions of the Philippines *Made by volcanic origin and has over 100 volcanoes 30

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32. *Most active are Taal in Batangas, Mayon in Albay, Bulusan in Sorsugon, Kanlaon in Negros, Hibok Hibok in Camiguin and Apo in Davao del Sur. *Taal has 33 eruptions in 1749, 1754, 1911 and 1965 *Mayon has 45 eruptions 1616, 1814 *Pinatubo a dormant for 611 started on April 2, to June 12-15, 1991. Page 33 32

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34. C. CLIMATE *Tropical climate has two seasons dry & wet. *Rains occur from May to November including typhoons from June to October *The dry season from December to April 34

35. D. FLORA AND FAUNA *Sampaguita, Gardenia, Dama de Noche, Waterlilies, orchids etc. *Waling waling queen of the Philippine orchids *201 species of mammals and 22 were water type *Tamaraws of Mindoro a dwarf carabao. *Tarsier of Bohol the world’s smallest monkey *Calamian Deer of Palawan world’s smallest deer 35

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37. *25,000 insect s found the largest the giant moth a wingspan of 1 foot *World’s second largest eagle the Philippine eagle found in Luzon and Mindanao *Kalaw the clock of the mountains (Philippine Cockatoo) *World’s rares shell the gloriamaris *Tridacna Gigas world’s largest shell *Pisidium the smallest shell *2,140 species of fishes known as the milk fish, mud fish, cat fish, sea bass, tuna and others. 37

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40. *Endangered fish are the sinarapan and the pandaka pigmae *World’s largest fish the whale shark 50 meters in length *Natural resources were clay, gold, silver, iron, copper, nickel, coal and others. E. SCENERIES Banawe Rice Terraces, Mayon Volcano of Albay, Taal Volcano of Batangas, Mount Apo of Mindanao, Chocolate Hills of Bohol, Hundred Islands of Pangasinan, Underground river of Palawan and others. 40

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44. II. FILIPINO SOCIETY AND CULTURE DURING THE PRE-SPANISH PERIOD Filipinos are a mixture of Chinese, Arab, Indian, European and American. Traits are hospitality, close family ties, respect of elders and values like pakikisama, utang na loob and hiya. A. Old and New Stone Age This refers to the old living for many years ago Pygmies, Aetas , Negritos, and Dawn man belongs to the old stone age of the first Filipinos. 44

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48. NEGRITOS 48

49. THE AUSTRONESIANS The Austronesians are various populations in Southeast Asia, some parts of China, Australia and the Pacific. The Austronesian migrations began from the Chinese mainland, reaching Taiwan first in 3500 BC then the Philippines by 3000 BC. Reached Sumatra and Java by 2000 BC, New Guinea by 1600 BC, Samoa by 1200 BC Hawaii, Easter Island, and Madagascar by 500 AD, etc. The Austronesians are admixtures of Austroloids a group includes Negritos, Papuan and Mongoloids. Page 68 49

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