HIV TESTING SERVICES step by step guide .ppt

hiv testing and counselling

1. HIV Antibody Testing using
1.FIRST RESPONSE HIV TEST KIT
2.ORA QUICK HIV TEST KIT
3.SD BIOLINE HIV TEST KIT

2. Outline
Introduction
HIV Rapid Testing Algorithm
How to use the First Response, Ora Quick, SD Bioline and
Syphilis test kits
How to interpret the results
How to avoid false positive and false negative results

3. Training Objective
At at the of the training, participants should be able to:
1.Perform HIV rapid test using the country’s algorithm
2.Ensure the accuracy of the Test result
3.Recognize unusual results in a timely manner
4.Adhere to standard safety precautions to perform the test

4. Introduction
HIV testing is the first step to identify HIV-infected persons
so that appropriate care and treatment services can be
provided in a timely manner.
Errors in testing has direct implications on people,
treatment and transmission
All personnel involved in HIV Testing must ensure the quality
of HIV test result

5. HIV TESTING SERVICES
Who provides HTS?
All cadres, including lay workers, may perform HIV rapid
testing (refer to the Ghana Health Service Guidelines on Task
Sharing) if they have received the approved training .
Laboratory services at the district hospital must ensure that
quality assurance mechanisms are in place for all health
workers and lay cadres performing HIV testing.
DOCTORS NURSES
LAB
SCI./TECH.
PHARMACIS
TS
CHWs
Trained LAY
WORKERS

6. FR & OQ rapid tests
These are indirect tests – They test for HIV antibodies
Not recommended for determining the HIV status of infants
<18 months !

8. FOR PREGNANT WOMEN

9. Rapid HIV Testing Algorithm
Algorithms are defined as the combination and sequence of
specific tests used in a given strategy.
Parallel testing - samples are tested simultaneously by two
different tests (Not the adopted strategy in Ghana).
Serial testing – sample is tested by a first test device, and the
results of the first test determine whether additional testing is
required.

10. FIRST RESPONSE HIV 1&2
Materials Provided
Test Device, (with sample pipette)
Buffer
Alcohol Swab
Sterile Lancet
Gloves
Instructions for use
Materials Required but not provided
Timer
Sharp box
Cotton wool

11. Testing Procedure – First Response
1.collect all the supplies required for the test
2.Remove the Test Device and place it on a flat dry surface (Only
use a test kit that hasn’t expired or been damaged)
3.Record the appropriate information in the HIV Testing Logbook
4.Observe standard safety precautions .

12. Test Procedure – First Response
5.Label/ record the client identification on the test strip (name/ serial
number)
6.Select a finger (preferably the ring finger) and clean the area to
be lanced with an alcohol swab. Allow to air dry.
7.Gently Squeeze the end of the finger and and take a good prick
with the sterile lancet.
7.Wipe the first drop of blood with cotton wool.

13. Test Procedure – First Response Cont.
9.Immerse the open end of the sample pipette in the next drop of blood,
release the pressure gently to draw blood into the sample pipette.
9.Slowly add drop of blood to the sample well. Dispose off used
sample pipette.
10.Next, add one a drop of the buffer to the sample well
11.Observe for the dev’t of colour bands in the result window.
12.Interpret test result at 15 mins. (Do not exceed the time)

14. Test Procedure – First Response Cont.
13.Record the test result in the HIV Log book and dispose off
test device as a biohazard waste.
Fig. 1.
Results of HIV test
using First Response
HIV-1/2 rapid test kit

15. Determine the results for the ff First Response
tests

16. The OraQuick Test Kit
The test device can be used with Oral Fluid, Whole blood,
Serum or Plasma.
Contents
Test device
Developer Vial
Stand *

17. Using Oral Fluid.
1.Set the reusable stand on a flat, level surface
2.Tear open the foil pouch containing the test device and the
developer vial.
3.Remove the developer vial and label with client’s name / code
Performing the OraQuick Test

18. 4.Uncap the vial and place it in the stand
5.Carefully remove the test device without touching the collection
pad.
6.Swab completely around the outside of the upper and lower
gums using the pad end of the test device
Performing the OraQuick Test Cont…

19. Performing the OraQuick Test Cont…
8.Insert the pad end of the test device into the vial.
9.Start the timer
10.Read test result in 20 – 40 mins.
11.Record test result seen in the result window.

20. Performing the OraQuick Test Cont…

21. Performing the OraQuick Test Cont…

22. Performing the OraQuick Test Cont…

23. Determine the final results for the following
HIV tests performed.

24. Performing the SD Bioline Test
1.collect all the supplies required for the test
2.Remove the Test Device and place it on a flat dry surface ( Only
use a test kit that hasn’t expired or been damaged)
3.Record the appropriate information in the HIV Testing Logbook
4.Observe standard safety precautions .

25. Test Procedure – SD Bioline Cont.
5.Label/ record the client identification on the test strip
(name/ serial number)
6.Select a finger (preferably the ring finger) and clean the
area to be lanced with an alcohol swab. Allow to air dry.
7.Gently Squeeze the end of the finger and take a good
prick with the sterile lancet.
7.Wipe the first drop of blood with cotton wool.

26. Test Procedure – SD Bioline Cont.
9.Immerse the open end of the sample pipette in the next drop
of blood, release the pressure gently to draw blood into the
sample pipette.
9.Slowly add drop of blood to the sample well. Dispose off
used sample pipette.
10.Next, add four a drop of the buffer to the sample well
11.Observe for the dev’t of colour bands in the result
window.
12.Interpret test result at 10-20 mins. (Do not exceed the
time)

27. Determine the results for the ff SD Bioline
tests

28. Interpretation of Test Results
Negative – The Individual is not exposed to HIV
Positive – The Individual has HIV infection (but it does
not mean the individual has AIDS)
Indeterminate – The individuals status (presence or
absence of HIV infection) could not be determined.
- A tie breaker would be required.

29. Common Causes
1.Not using the correct amount of sample
2.Test result is read before or beyond the stipulated time range.
3.Not using the required buffer provided
4.Mislabeling
5.Transcription errors
False Positive & False Negative Results

30. Thank you !
It feels good when you know
your status