Home Economics Literacy-Carpentry and Masonry.pptx

Notes

1. Carpentry and Masonry

2. Carpentry

3. Wood Technology Refers to the study and application of the properties, processing, and uses of wood and wood products. Knowledge of various wood types Their properties and how to modify these properties through various processing techniques such as drying, sawing, planning, and finishing. Woodworking – it is the skills developed by the students in terms of measuring, cutting, and framing, joining and finishing wood materials.

4. Carpentry It is an art and a manner of cutting, forming and joining wood parts together. The art of shaping and assembling structural woodwork A builder or a skilled craftsman who performs carpentry works are called Carpenter.

5. Type of Woods used in Carpentry Softwood – these are usually from coniferous trees and are relatively inexpensive. Softwood includes pine, spruce, and fir that are commonly used for framing, decking, and outdoor structures. Advantages of Softwood: Availability and affordability Workability Outdoor use

6. Type of Woods used in Carpentry Hardwood – woods that came from deciduous trees and are generally more expensive than softwoods. Hardwood includes oak, maple, and walnut which are used for furniture, flooring, and cabinetry. Advantage of hardwood: Durability and strength Attractive grain patterns Finishing qualities

7. Parts of the Wood Bark – is the outermost layer of stem and root of wood plants. Cambium Layer – a thin layer of generative tissue lying between the bark and the wood of a stem. Sapwood – is the living, outermost portion of a woody stem Heartwood – inner part of the wood which is made up of accumulated dead cells. Pith – or medulla, it is a tissue in the stems of vascular plants. It is located in the center of the stem.

8. Measuring, Marking and Testing Tools 1. Folded Wooden Rule – can be folded for convenient storage. Has multiple hinged sections that can be extended or folded. 2. Ruler/Straight Edge – for measure small projects or articles. Calibrated in inches and centimeter. 3. Push pull steel tape ruler – measuring tool that made of steel that consist of long, thin metal tape that can be extended or retracted. Use for measuring long distance. 4. Try Square – to measure right angle measurements, for measuring corners. 5. Knife – use for cutting and marking. It can mark layout to a wood stick.

9. Wood working Machines 1 Rip Saw – type of handsaw that is used to make straight and long cuts. Designed to cut along the grain. 2. Cross cut saw – handsaw to make precise and accurate cut across the grain. 3. Key hole/Compass Saw – used to cut circle shape in a wood. Cutting holes for locks and other hardware.

10. Classification of Finishing Tools according to use Scraper – a tool made of steel. Use to produce a smooth surface. Wood Fillers – use to eliminate deep cuts and hole in your finished product. Stain – a wood finishing materials derived from different color of wood such as walnut, mahogany, and natural color. Shellac – a finishing material came from gums substance and insect Varnish – a finishing material that produces glossy finish to a project. It came from different forms, from gum, linseed oil, resin, or chemical drier . Paint – the most widely used in woodworking to enhance appearance, durability and protection of the wood surface.

11. Wood Preparation The proper way of preparing the wood for future use is by means of seasoning. It is the drying period of wood. Most common way of Wood Preparation is as follows: Air Seasoning – placing the lumber/wood in an open air Kiln seasoning/drying – it is the scientific way of wood seasoning as it uses big oven to dry lumber quickly to lower the wood moisture. Water seasoning – by submerging the wood into the water to enhance the color of the sapwood. Treated – by the use of compound chemical before seasoning.

12. Board foot Equation: (T’’ xW ’’ xL ’)/12 Example: How many board feet are there in 7 pieces of 2’’4’’x12 ‘ lumber?

13. Masonry

14. Masonry The construction of structures using bricks, stones, or other materials that are held together by mortar. Building technique that involves using bricks, stones, or concrete blocks to create structures such as walls and flooring.