Homi Bhabha. post colonial literature in india

This is a document about postcolonial literature

1. Homi K Bhabha
MAJOR Ideas
in Postcolonial Studies

2. HOMI BHABHA
•Postcolonial Critic
•Post-structuralist
•Born in 1949,Mumbai
•Professor at Harvard University
•Awarded Badmabushan-2012
Works:-
1)Location of Culture
2)Nation and Narration
3)Democracy De-Realized
Main ideas:-
1)Hybridity
2)Third space
3)Ambivalence
4)Mimicry

3. HYBRIDITY
Background
•Originates from Biology
•Simply= Intermingling of Eastern and Western cultures
•Hybridity is classified as:-Racial , Lingual,literary and religious etc…
Bhabha’s Concept
The mixing of races and culures, so that new forms of culture are produced
E.g: Indian culture + British culture
= Hybrid culture
( Sign taken for wonders)

4. •In 19
th
century, hybridity frightened Europe because it will subvert their cultural superiority.
•But in Postcolonial studies, Colonialism itself enables hybrid cultures
( with adopting colonial language, dressing and way of thinking by colonised)
•Bhabha sees Hybridity as an Empowering condition
where cultural purity and diversity are rejected
And emphasis on Multiciplity / Plural identities.
•Salman Rushdie, Hanif quraish ,Derek Walcott say:
Hybridity is Empowering for some
and Detrimental for some.
•Hegemonic structures of English will be subverted.

5. THIRD SPACE
It is a hybrid space not physical but enables;
(in-between)
1.Hybrid identities
2.Cultural transformation
Indian culture
(Colonised)
British culture
(Colonizer)
Third space
Hybridity
In-between

6. AMBIVALENCE
•Meaning = Uncertainity, mixed feeling
The state of having mixed feeling or contradictory ideas about s/th
e.g: love/ hate
Positive / Negative
•coined by Eugen Beleuler
Ambivalence= is the relationship between Coloniser and Colonised
Education/Infrastructure
Vs
Looting

7. MEANING OF SLAVE
Bhabha brings the theory to elaborate :-
MEANING OF SLAVE
-John locke
2) De humanizing in the state of nature
1) Rightful in the state of Cardinia
Bhabha applies:-
“Colonization”
-For Colonizer = it is ok
-For larger perspective = it is illegal

8. MIMICRY
•Coined by Jacques Lacan, French Psycho analyst.
•Bhabha brings in his essay:-
{ Of Mimicry and Man: The Ambivalence of Colonial discourse
•Frantz Fanon termed in 'Black Skin,White Masks’
Imitation of culture , language, politics and behavior
of Colonizer by Colonised
[We are inferior & They are superior]

9. CONCEPT OF FANTASY
•Bhabha brings the theory to elaborate:-
Concept of Fantasy
-Sigmund Freud
Fantasy is between Preconscience and
Subconscious
Bhabha applies:-
Mimicryis like Fantasy
e.g: Indians are not Indians and
English

10. •Edward Said:-
A desire for a reformed recognizable Other as a subject of
difference . That is almost same but not quite.
•White Masters wanted to mimic them to become like them
,but just below them
•They colonised for civilise Other
•They gave all partially not fully
•Hence ,Mimicry is
-Hypocrasy -Insincere -Mockery -Cheating
Effects of Colonial
Mimicry
1.Castration
2.Shatters
Identity
3.Epistemic
violence
4.Tendency to
copy Foreigners
5.Refugee in our
land
6.Intimidation

11. CONCLUSION
Hybridity –Mixing of races and culures, so that new forms of culture are
produced
Third space-Hybrid space ( in-between space)
Ambivalence-The relationship between Coloniser and Colonised
Mimicry-Imitation of culture, language, politics and behavior of Colonizer by
Colonised