HOMONYM, POLYSEM &HYPONYMY

HOMONYM, POLYSEMY�&�HYPONYMY

1. HOMONYM,
POLYSEMY
&
HYPONYMY
BY: IBRAHIM MUNEER

2. HOMONYM
Homonyms are the words that have same phonetic
form (homophones) or spelled form (homographs)
but different unrelated meanings.

3. Example Of Homonym
Arm:
1. The portion of the upper human appendage, from the shoulder to the wrist and
sometimes including the hand. “She stood with her right arm extended and her palm
forward to indicate “Stop!”.
2. A long, narrow, more or less rigid part of an object extending from the main part or
center of the object, such as the arm of an armchair, a crane, a pair of spectacles or a
pair of compasses. “The robot arm reached out and placed the part on the assembly
line”.

4. 3. A branch of an organization. “The cavalry arm of the military
service”.
4. A bay or inlet off a main body of water. “Shelburne Bay is an arm
of Lake Champlain”.

5. Example Of Homonym
Flat:
1. Having no variations in height. “The land around here is flat”.
2. Uninteresting. “The party was a bit flat”.
3. Absolute. “His claim was in flat contradiction to experimental
results”. “I'm not going to the party and that's flat”.
4. (Music, note) Lowered by one semitone.

6. Kind of Homophony
Homophonyis the case where two words are pronounced identically
but they have different written forms. They sound alike but are written
differently and often have different meanings. For example: no-know, led-
lead, would-wood.
Homographis a word which is spelled the same as another word and
might be pronounced the same or differently but which has a different.
For example: Bear-bear, Read-read.

7. POLYSEMY
Polysemy is the form which represents one lexeme with two or more senses.
Example:
• The word foot in:
-He hurt his foot
-She stood at the foot of the stairs.
• The word head in:
-The head as a part of our body
-The head of this company

8. POLYSEMY
-The ability of words to have more than one meaning is
described as polysemy.
-A word having several meanings is called polysemantic.
-Words having only one meaning are called
monosemantic(terms, nouns, plurals)

9. Example Of Polysemy
• The word Newspaper in the following sentences. The
object that got wet cannot fire people, and the company
didn't get wet. Still, it's obvious that the same word is used
to refer to them both.
a. The newspaper got wet in the rain.
b. The newspaper red some of its editing staff.

10. Example Of Polysemy
• The word Good in the following two examples. In one case it’s a
moral judgement, in the other case it's a judgement of skill.
a. John was a good man. He donated a lot of money to charity.
b. Bill was a good painter. His drawings always were exciting to look
at

11. HYPONYMY
Hyponymy is a relation between two or more words
in which the meaning of one of the words includes
the meaning of the other word.
Example:
-Word : Cook Hyponyms : Roast, Boil, Fry, Grill, Bake. -
Word : Color Hyponyms: Blue, Red, Yellow, Green, Red