HORMONES OF GIT AND ADRENAL GLAND.pptx git

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1. HORMONES OF GIT AND ADRENAL GLAND NAME - HAMZA SHAHZAD CHEEMA

2. 1-ADRENAL HORMOES The key hormones produced by the adrenal cortex include: Cortisol. ... Aldosterone. ... DHEA and Androgenic Steroids. ... Epinephrine (Adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) ...

3. CORTISOL Cortisol is an essential hormone that affects almost every organ and tissue in your body. It plays many important roles, including: Regulating your body's stress response. Helping control your body's use of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, or your metabolism.

4. ALDOSTERONE Aldosterone is a steroid hormone secreted by adrenal glands. Its main role is to regulate salt and water in the body, thus having an effect on blood pressure . What does aldosterone do to renin? Aldosterone stimulates the retention of sodium (salt) and the elimination of potassium by the kidneys. Renin is produced by the kidneys and controls the activation of the hormone angiotensin, which stimulates the adrenal glands to produce aldosterone.

5. ADROGENIC STEROIDS Anabolic steroids, also known more properly as anabolic–androgenic steroids, are steroidal androgens that include natural androgens like testosterone as well as synthetic androgens that are structurally related and have similar effects to testosterone. Types of steroids Oral steroids. Oral steroids reduce inflammation and are used for treating many different conditions, including: ... Topical steroids. Topical steroids include those used for the skin, nasal sprays and inhalers. ... Steroid nasal sprays

6. EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE Epinephrine and norepinephrine are very similar neurotransmitters and hormones. While epinephrine has slightly more of an effect on your heart, norepinephrine has more of an effect on your blood vessels. Both play a role in your body's natural fight-or-flight response to stress and have important medical uses as well. Epinephrine (also called adrenaline), norepinephrine, and dopamine make up a small but important hormone family called catecholamines . Epinephrine and norepinephrine are the hormones behind your “fight-or-flight” response

7. 2-HORMONES OF GIT Gastrointestinal Hormone Secretin. Glucagon. Somatostatin . Gastrin .

8. SECRETIN Secretin is a hormone that regulates water homeostasis throughout the body and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions in the stomach, pancreas, and liver. It is a peptide hormone produced in the S cells of the duodenum, which are located in the intestinal glands. Secretin stimulates the secretion of a bicarbonate-rich pancreatic fluid . Secretin enters the blood stream or intestinal lumen and stimulates bicarbonate secretion (by interacting with pancreatic ductal cells), which neutralizes the pH of the gastric chyme upon entering the small intestine

9. GLUCAGON Glucagon is a hormone that your pancreas makes to help regulate your blood glucose (sugar) levels. Glucagon increases your blood sugar level and prevents it from dropping too low, whereas insulin, another hormone, decreases blood sugar levels. Glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted from the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Hypoglycemia is physiologically the most potent secretory stimulus and the best known action of glucagon is to stimulate glucose production in the liver and thereby to maintain adequate plasma glucose concentrations

10. SMATOSTATIN In the pancreas, somatostatin is produced by the delta cells of the islets of Langerhans, where it serves to block the secretion of both insulin and glucagon from adjacent cells. Insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin act in concert to control the flow of nutrients into and out of the circulation Somatostatin , also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone or by several other names, is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation

11. GASTRIN Gastrin is a hormone that is produced by ‘G’ cells in the lining of the stomach and upper small intestine, and released into the blood circulation. During a meal, gastrin stimulates the stomach to release gastric acid (hydrochloric acid). Gastric acid is used to convert the inactive form of a protein digestive enzyme called pepsinogen into its active form pepsinThis , which allows the stomach to break down proteins swallowed as food and absorb certain vitamins such as vitamin B12. It Gastric acid also acts as a disinfectant and kills most of the bacteria and microorganisms that enter the stomach with food, minimising the risk of infection within the gut.