Horticulture Vegetable Crops Bitter Gourd PPtx.

Horticulture Vegetable Crops Bitter Gourd PPtx.

1. JNKVV, COLLEGE OF
AGRICULTURE,
TIKAMGARH
Topic –
Production technology of
Bitter Gourd
Presented to –
Dr. Rudrasen Singh
(Scientist, Dept of Plant Breeding &
Genetics)
Dr. Mohini Parmar
(Guest Faculty, Dept of Horticulture)
Presented by :-
Tarun Raghuwanshi
Enroll no. 200301097
Group ‘A’
B.Sc(Hons.) Agriculture, 4
th
year 2
nd
sem
COMMERCIAL
HORTICULTURE
EXPERIMENTAL LEARNING
PROGRAMME

2. BITTER GOURD
Scientific name: Momordica charantia L.
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Chromosome number : 2n=22
Origin: Tropical Asia (Eastern India and Southern
China)
Common names: Balsam pear, Bitter cucumber
INTRODUCTION TO BITTER GOURD:

3. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:
• The fruits are rich in iron, vitamin A, B, C and are an
inexpensive source of proteins and minerals.
• It is considered good for curing blood diseases,
rheumatism, diabetes and asthma.
• Bitter gourd leaves are known to act as galactogogs
and a powder prepared from the leaves is good for
treating ulcers.
• It has been reported that protein of bitter gourd
inhibited growth of immune deficiency virus in human

4. • Pusa Do Mausmi
• Pusa Vishesh
• CO 1
• MDU 1
• COBgoH-1
• VK 1 Priya
• Priyanka (Sel.1010)
• Arka Harit
• Harkani
• Phule Green
VARIETIES:

5. • It can be grown under both tropical and sub-tropical climates but warm
climate is considered best.
• At temperature between 25°-30°C, the growth is normal and yield is high.
• When the temperature is less than 18°C, the growth is slow leading to poor
yield.
• When temperature is above 36°C there is poor production of female flowers
resulting in poor yield.
• The production of female flowers was increased by low temperature
treatment (20°C) under short-day.
CLIMATE REQUIREMENT :

6. • The crop can be grown in all
types of soils but sandy loam
and silt loam soils are most
suitable.
• The best pH would be 6.5-7.0.
For higher production, the soil
should be rich in organic
manure either proper drainage
facility.
Plough the field for 3-4 times.
Apply 20-25 tonnes of farmyard
manure at the last ploughing.
SOIL : FIELD PREPARATION :

7. SOWING :
•Four seeds are sown per pit and later two to three seedlings per pit
are retained.
•Instead of sowing in the main field, the seeds can be sown in
polythene bags and can be shifted to pits in the main field after 15-
20 days; 4 to 5 kg of seeds is sufficient to sow one hectare.
•The seeds have to be treated with Thiram @ 2g/kg of seeds.

8. Sowing Season : Spacing :
Long channels of 60cm
width are formed at a
spacing of 2m. Along this
channel, pits of 45cm are
dug at a spacing of 1.5m.
Season:-In hills, the
seed is sown from April
to July. In plains, seed is
sown from January-
March. The second rop
is taken in June-July

9. NUTRITION
REQUIREMENTS :
FYM : 20-25/ha
N :-100 kg/ha
P :-50 kg/ha
K :-50 kg/ha

10. IRRIGATION
:
Since bitter gourd is sown both in rainy and summer
seasons, rainy season crop normally does not require much
watering except during dry spells.
Being a shallow rooted vegetable, roots are mostly
concentrated at top 60cm soil layer. The crop should be
irrigated immediately after planting in summer and
subsequently at 2-3 days interval until flowering.

11. WEED MANAGEMENT :
The field should be free from weeds throughout cropping
season.
Glycophosphate at 4.5kg/ha if applied after weed
emergence and before sowing, weeds can be effectively
controlled.

12. USE OF GROWTH REGULATORS
:
• Ethrel at 25ppm increases female flowers.
• GA at 60ppm reduces the ratio of male: female flowers.
• Seed treatment with B9 at 3-4 ppm for 20 hours gave the highest
number of female flowers per plant.
Application of growth regulators at 2-4 leaf stage play an important
role in expression and sex ratio.
MH at 50-150ppm and CCC at 50-100ppm increase female:male ratio
and at a high concentration of 200ppm CCC it is reduced.

13. PEST CONTROL :
Whitefly, Fruit fly. Tomato fruitworm , Aphids ,Thrips
are important pests of bitter gourd.
Control :
• The aphids can be easily controlled by spraying
Malathion (0.1 %) or Rogor (0.1-0.2%)
• use attractants like citronella oil, eucalyptus oil, vinegar,
and lactic acid to trap flies.

14. DISEASE MANAGEMENT :
Powdery mildew, Downy Mildew, Angular leaf spot, Anthracnose,
mosaic virus etc are important diseases.
Control –
• For downey mildew spray Metalaxyl 4% + Mancozeb 64% WP.
• For powdery mildew provide Tebuconazole 25.9% EC 1 ml/lit
water
• For mosaic Thiamethoxam 25% WG 0.3 –0.5 gm/lit water

15. HARVESTING : YIELD :
The average yield of
bitter gourd varies from
100-150 q/ha, while 200-
300q/ha of hybrids
Immature tender fruits are
harvested. The colour of
tender fruit is light-green or
darkgreen whitish-green
depending upon variety. At
fully ripe stage the colour of
the fruits turns to yellow or
orange and for seed purpose
the fruits are harvested at this
stage.

16. THANK YOU!!