Hospital

Related to fundamentals of nursing

1. Definition Is an institution for the medical & nursing care of ill and injured person needing complex services with a high risk of complication. Hospital derived from the Latin word hospitalist which comes from hospes meaning a host Hospital is an integral part of a social and medical organization , the function of which is to provide for the population, the complete health care, both curative and preventive and whose outpatient services reach out to the family and its home environment.

2. A modern hospital is an institution which possess adequate accommodation and well qualified and experienced personnel to provide services of curative Hospital is an institution in which one is operated for the medical, surgical and or obstetric care of inpatients which is treated as a hospital by central / state government / local body or licensed by the appropriate authority (Directory of hospital 1988 )

3. Functions of hospital Client care Diagnosis and treatment of the disease Prevention of the disease Promotion of health Rehabilitation Vocational training – medical, nursing, paramedical Medical & nursing research Out patient services Inpatient services

4. Classification Classification based on different criteria Size or bed capacity a. Small hospital . Bed capacity 100 or less b. Medium size . capacity of 101-300 c. Large hospital. Capacity of 300-1000 According to bed strength a .Teaching or referral hospital . 500 and above b. District hospital. 200-300 c .Taluk hospital.50-200 d. CHC.30-5- e. PHC. 6-10

5. Ownership or control 1.Government or public hospital Run by central or state government These are tax supported They can be general or specialized 2.Non government hospital supported by client fees a) voluntary hospital , run by public or private fund b)private nursing home / hospital, generally owned by individual

6. Based on objectives Teaching cum research hospital General hospital . Offer common treatment Specialized hospital Isolation hospital Rural hospital According to the system of management Long term care Short term care

7. Physical plan of the hospital Selection of the site for building is important. Place should not be populated It should be elevated from the surroundings Independent access to street Safe drinking water Adequate lighting and ventilation Control of noise Collection and safe disposal of refuse & excreta Good drainage system Control of arthropods , vermin and animal pests

8. While constructing the hospital building the following are to be emphasized Wall & floor should be non absorbent , shock absorbing, attractive, easy to clean. The wall should have the smooth surface & free of cracks. The floor area should be adequate according to the number of beds (6 feet) The window and door should be placed such away that natural lighting is available in the room. The room should be facilitate thermal control, fumigation etc.

9. Cont…. The latrines are placed such a way that it does not cause bad odour and unpleasant scenes to the client. The reception counter and the OPD department should be near to the main entrance of the hospital. For the easy access of the public & the in patient department can be towards. The kitchen and the dining room should be away from the wards and should be fly proof. There should be a central corridor connecting the different department and wards. There should be a provision of isolation of the client having infectious disease

10. Cont…. Emergency door are to be provided for the protection of the client in case of hazards There should be railings along the open corridor and staircase to prevent accident by falling. There should be provision for recreational and diversional activities . Centralized work room helps to economize material , energy and time. The staircase , ramps and elevators should be centrally placed.

11. Hospital departments Out patient department Scope of OPD 1.Consultation, Investigation , Special services 2.Preventive and promotive health care 3.Rehabilitation service 4.Health education 5.councelling

12. Location of OPD OPD should be located at the entrance of the hospital Should be separated from the inpatient department Must have easy access to X-ray, laboratory, pharmacy and billing Preferably accessible to casualty but separated

13. Facilities Entrance . Easily accessible with ramp, step Flooring tiled with a slope towards outlet Reception or enquiry Waiting hall Consulting rooms Signboard and layout plans Bay for trolleys and wheelchairs Toilet Public telephone Board indicating name of consultants on leave

14. Flow pattern of client in OPD Enquiry Registration Waiting hall Consultation room Investigation facilities Pharmacy exit

15. Usual problems in OPD Lack of punctuality in starting OPD Lack of appointment system Missing files Non-availability of laboratory results Lack of physical facilities proper co-ordination under expert supervision and guidance can go along way to solve these problems.

16. Thank you