Hospital pharmacy

Hospital:
Definition
Classification
Functions of hospitals
Requirements for Hospital
Q. Differences between General Hospital and Specialized Hospital
Hospital Pharmacy
Objectives of hospital pharmacy
Functions of general hospital pharmacy
Operational functions of hospital pharmacy
Administrative structure of hospital pharmacy
Abilities and responsibilities of hospital pharmacist

1. HOSPITAL
& HOSPITAL
PHARMACY
ASSIGNMENT ON

2. CONTENTS
Hospital:
•Definition
•Classification
•Functions of hospitals
•Requirements for Hospital
•Q. Differences between General Hospital and Specialized Hospital
•Hospital Pharmacy
•Objectives of hospital pharmacy
•Functions of general hospital pharmacy
•Operational functions of hospital pharmacy
•Administrative structure of hospital pharmacy
•Abilities and responsibilities of hospital pharmacist

3. HOSPITAL
•The word “Hospital "derived from the Latin wordHospitaliswhich in turn
derived from French word“hospos” that means” a host or a guest”
•Hospitalis an integral part of a social and medical organization, the functions of
which is to provide for the population complete health care both curative and
preventive,and whose outpatients services reach out to the family and its home
environment. The hospital is also a center for the training of health worker and
for bio social researches. (WHOexpert committee,1956).
•A hospital is a health care institution providing treatment to patients with
specialized staff and equipment.
•Hospitals are institutions, which are mainly designed for care for the sick, injured
and well.

4. CLASSIFICATION
Hospital may be classified in different ways, by:-
A.According to the type of service, hospitals are classified as-
1.General Hospital.
2.Special Hospital.
B. According to the type of length of stay, hospitals are classified as-
1.Short term Hospitals: a short term hospital is one in which the average length of
stay of the patient is less then 30 days.
2.Long term Hospital: A long term hospital is one in which the average length of stay
of the patient of 30 days or linger.
C. According to the ownership hospitals are classified as-
1. Government Hospital,
2. Non-government Hospital.

5. D. According to the medicinal hospitals are classified as-
1. Allopathic Hospitals ;
2. Ayurvedic Hospitals;
3. Homeopathic Hospitals;
4. Unani Hospitals;
5. Naturopathy Hospitals;
E. According to the bed capacity hospitals are classified as-
1. Large Hospitals (beds 1000 and more)
2. Medium Hospitals (bed between 500 –1000 beds)
3. Small Hospitals (beds between 100 –500 beds)
4. Very small Hospitals (beds less than 100)

6. F. On the basis of cost hospital can be classified as-
1. Elite hospitals: e.g. Apollo hospital, Square hospital.
2. Budget hospital: e.g. Civil hospital, Corporation hospitals.
3. Teaching hospital: e.g. GSVMC & hospital, Enammedical college.

7. FUNCTIONS OF HOSPITALS
•In modern times an ideal hospital shall serve four fundamental functions which
are:-
A. Patient care:Patient care involves the diagnosis and treatment of illness or
injury, preventive medicine, rehabilitation, convalescent care, dental care and
personalized services.
B. Educations: Education in a hospital function is major two terms;
1. Education of the medical and ailed health professions:This forms
includes-
* Physicians, * Medical social service workers,
* Nurses, * Hospital administrator,
* Dietitians, * Medical record librarians,
* Medical technologists, * Physical & occupational therapists,
* Pharmacists and others, * X-ray and laboratory technicians,

8. 2. Education of the patients:It includes-
➢General education for children confined to long-term hospitalization.
➢Special education in the care of rehabilitation-psychiatrically, socially, physically and
occupationally.
➢Special education in health care.
e.g. a) Teaching a diabetic or a cardiac patient to care for his ailment.
b) Teaching the colostomy patient who requires a reorientation in
care for his personal need.
Requirements for Hospital:
Following requirements must be maintained to establish an ideal hospital:-
1.The institution shall maintain at least six impatient beds which shall be
continuously available for patient care who are non-related and who stay on the
average in excess of 24 hours per admission.

9. 2.The institution shall be constructed, equipped and maintained to ensure the
health and safety of patients and to provide un-crowded, sanitary facilities for
the treatment of patients.
3.There shall be an organized medical staff governed by laws adopted by said staff
and approved by the governing authority.
4.There shall be an identifiable governing authority legally and morally responsible
for the conduct of hospital.
5.There shall be a chief executive, as delegates to the governing authority who is
responsible for the operation of hospital according to the establishment policy.
6.Each patient shall be admitted on the authority of a staff member who shall be
directly responsible for the patient’s diagnosis and treatment
7.Registered nurse supervision and other nursing services are continuous.
8.A current and complete medical report for each patient shall be maintained by
the institution and be available for reference.

10. 9.Pharmacy service shall be maintained in the institution and shall
be supervised by a registered pharmacist.
10.The institution shall maintain clinical diagnostic X-ray service,
with facilities and staff for a variety of procedures.
11.The institution shall maintain clinical laboratory service, with
facilities and staff for a variety of procedures.
12.The institution shall maintain operating room service with
facilities and staff.
13.The institution shall provide patients with good service that
meets nutritional requirements.

11. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GENERAL
HOSPITAL AND SPECIALIZED
HOSPITAL
•General hospitals are meant to provide wide-range of
various types of healthcare, but with limited capacity.
They care for patients with various-disease conditions
for both sexes to all ages, medical, surgical, pediatrics,
obstetrics, eye and ear etc. usually , General hospitals
are devoid of super-specialist medical care, e.g. Dhaka
medical college, Enammedical college etc.on the other
hand Special hospitals limit service to a particular
condition, orthopedics, maternity, pediatrics, geriatrics,
oncology etc, e.g. National orthopedic hospital.

12. HOSPITAL PHARMACY
•The hospital pharmacy is a department in
which the drugs are manufactured, stored,
compounded, checked for quality, dispensed,
packed and distributed to in-patient and out-
patients by competent and legally qualified
pharmacists.
•It is a department which caters the need of
physicians, nurses, technician and other staff
members of Hospitals. Modern system of
Hospital Pharmacy also provides drug
information and drug monitoring services.

13. OBJECTIVES OF HOSPITAL PHARMACY
•The objectives of hospital pharmacy are-
i.Provide optimal drug therapy.
ii.Provide education and training.
iii.Cooperate with other department in the education of medical, nursing, pharmacy and allied
health science student.
iv.Cooperate in all programs whose objectives are to maintain or upgrade the health of the
community.
v.Conduct pharmaceutical research of a scientific, clinical or administrative nature with the object
of improving pharmaceutical services, patient care and the profession of pharmacy as a whole.
vi.Provide an environment conducive to professional and personal growth in the field of pharmacy.
vii.The department is committed to effectively achieving these objectives in an efficient and
economically responsible manner.
viii.Attract a greater number of qualified Pharmacist in hospital practice.

14. FUNCTIONS OF GENERAL HOSPITAL PHARMACY
•The functions of hospital pharmacy controlled by hospital management are as follows-
1.To provide and evaluate service in support of medical care pursuant to the objectives and policies
of the hospital.
2.To implement for departmental services the philosophy, objectives, policies and standards of the
hospital.
3.To provide and implement a departmental plan of administrative authority which clearly delineates
responsibilities and duties of each category of personnel.
4.Provide specifications for the purchase of drugs, chemicals, biological etc.
5.Proper storing of drugs.
6.To participate in and adhere to the financial plan of operation for the hospital.
7.To participate in the safety program of the hospital.
8.To maintain of an approved stock of antidotes and other emergency drugs.
9.To dispense of all narcotic drugs and maintain of perpetual inventory of them.
10.Manufacturing and distribution of medicaments such as transfusion fluids, parenteral products,
tablets, capsules, ointments, and stock mixtures.

16. OPERATIONAL FUNCTIONS OF
HOSPITAL PHARMACY
a.Drug procurement, contracting/purchasing for special drug orders: for example,
chemotherapy drugs for cancer patients.
b.Drug packaging to decrease waste and ensure convenient administration.
c.Unit-dosed drug distribution to prevent error.
d.A medication storage-ordering system to provide staff with24-hours accessibility to
drugs for emergencies and first-dose medication.
e.Drug preparation that includes IV admixture and special compounding.
f.Administrative compliance with drugs control department.
g.Planning, organizing and directing policies and procedures in accordance with
establishment policies of the hospital.
h.Quality assurance functions that include unit inspections for drug safety. Tracking of
medication errors and adverse drug reactions and participation in the FDA’s
MedWatch program.

17. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF
HOSPITAL PHARMACY
•Pharmacy department of a hospital is a unique part of the hospital. The staffing
pattern in hospital pharmacy, depends on the scope and quality of pharmaceutical
service being offered
➢In small hospital (less than 100 beds) employ a pharmacist who plays all the
activities of hospital pharmacy.
➢In a 300 beds progressive hospital, the pharmacy may be staffed with:-
i. A director of pharmacy
ii. An assistant director of pharmacy
iii. 7 to 12 staff pharmacist
iv. 5 to 15 non-pharmacist and
v. A full time department secretary.

18. ➢In the very large hospitals with several 1000 beds the staffing pattern in the
hospital pharmacy are as follows:-
i. A director of pharmacy
ii. An assistant director of pharmacy
iii. Two or more assistant director
iv. One or more supervisor pharmacist
v. 40 to 60 or more staff pharmacist
vi. 5 to 15 non-pharmacists and
vii. A full time department secretary
➢In addition, several clinical pharmacy faculty associated with a college of
pharmacy also maybe active within the department.

19. ABILITIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF
HOSPITAL PHARMACIST
A.Technical ability:
1. Pharmacology, toxicology, rout of administration, stability etc.
2.Providing information regarding proper handling of drugs.
3.Must gain confidence amongst his medical colleagues.
B.Ability to develop and manufacturing section:
1.Control over supply, quality, equipment and raw material cost.
2.Hospital pharmacist has to organize manufacturing and proper cost-benefit analysis.
3.Quality maintenance.
C.Administrative ability:
1.Be able to plan, organize and control various functions of hospital pharmacy.
2.Should prepare work schedule for the staff
3.should frame various policies and procedures to get the work done.

20. 4.Should interact with staff daily.
5.Hospital pharmacist must maintain the legal and
administrative record properly.
6.Hospital pharmacist must develop medicine charging policies.
7.Chief pharmacist is usually responsible for interviewing,
selecting and evaluating the staff members for work in pharmacy.
D.Ability to control inventory.
E.Ability to conduct and participate in research:\.
F.Ability to conduct teaching programs.

21. • THANK YOU…..