housing introduction.pdf

house

1. HOUSING
Housinggenerallyreferstothesocialproblemofensuringthatmembersof
societyhaveahomeinwhichtolive,whetherthisisahouse,orsomeother
kindofdwelling,lodging,orshelter.
Asamatteroffact,thepoorclassofpeopleisnotallowedthebenefitof
goodhousingfromtimeimmemorial.
Suchunhealthyanduglyscenesofhousesfortheunfortunateledtothe
awakeningofpublicopinioninthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturyand
becauseofthepressureofpublicopinion,theauthoritiesconcerned
haveacceptedtheresponsibilityofprovidinggoodhousingtothose
whoareeconomicallyunabletoprovideforthemselves.

2. Publichousingmaybeaformofhousingtenureinwhichthepropertyis
ownedbyagovernmentauthority,whichmaybecentralorlocal.
Socialhousingisantermreferringtorentalhousingwhichmaybeowned
andmanagedbythestate,bynon-profitorganizations,orbyacombination
ofthetwo,usuallywiththeaimofprovidingaffordablehousing.
Thegoodhousingreflectsthegeneralwelfareofthecommunity.
Ontheotherhandbadhousingleadstoseriousconsequencessuchas
diseases,immoralityetc.

3. IMPORTANCE OFHOUSING:
AhouseisdefinedbythenationalBuildingOrganizationasapucca
orsemi-puccaunitofdwellinganaveragehousehold.
Thehousesareusefulinvariousways.Ahouseisapartandparcelof
man’slifeandsubstantialpartofman’slife-timeisspentinhishouse.
Theeconomicsignificanceofhousingisalsoverysignificant.
Itcontributestonationalincome,nationalwealthandnationalemployment.
ItalsoservesasagoodsourceofrevenueforCentral,Stateand
LocalGovernments.
Ingeneral,itcanbestatedthatthehousinghaspotentialitytoagreat
extentinpromotinghumanwelfare,sociallife,economicgrowth
healthofcommunityandvariousotherrelatedaspectsofhumanlife.

4. NEED OF HOUSING
Housingisabasicneedofman.Inimportanceitisthirdafterfoodand
clothing.
Theimportanceofhousingwasuniversallyacceptedfromthedawnof
history.Eventheneolithicmanwholivedbetween10,000and2000B.C.
builtdurablehabitation.
Primitivemensoughtsomekindofprotectionagainstwildanimalsand
naturalcalamities.Housingprotectionisalsosoughtagainstenemies
aswell.
Whentheinstitutionsoftheprivatepropertycametobe
recognizedhousingreceivedabigboomintheinvestmentsector.

5. Withthedevelopmentofknowledgeandtheadvancementofcivilization,
peoplebecameparticularaboutsanitation,environment,privacy,location
ofhouse,etc.
Hebecomesmoreconsciousofbetterfacilities,whichmakehislifeeasy
andverycomfortable.
Withtheinventionofelectricityandotherfacilities,thedevelopment
ofhousingbecamemoreimportant.Thenmanbegantobringelectricity
toilet,bath,washbasinetcwithinthewallsofthehouse.
Ahousebecomesusefulinvariousways.Aspertheavailableinformation
manspendsagoodpartofhislifetimeinhishouse.

6. Housingshortageisperhapsoneofthemostformidablechallenges
beforetheGovernmentofIndia.Itisestimatedthattherewasashortage
of10.56millionhousesin2001intheurbanareasalone.
AndbythebeginningoftheEleventhFiveYearPlan,i.e2007,
thisshortagesharplyescalatedto24.71millions.
Now,itisestimatedbythegovernmentofficialsthattheshortageinurban
housingwillgrowevenhigherto26.53millionunitsbytheyear2012.
Further,ninetyninepercentofthisshortagepertainstotheeconomically
weakersectionsandlowincomegroups.
TheGovernmentistakingvariouskindsofdirectandindirectmeasures
toeaseouttheacuteshortageofhouses,likeoperationof
JawaharLalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission,incometaxrelief
onhouseloanrepaymentetc.