HOW CAN NOx BE REDUCED presentation.pptx

HOW CAN NOx BE REDUCED?

1. INTRODUCTION Major problem faced by today’s world is environmental pollution. Of these vehicular traffic is a major contributor . Exhaust gases from vehicles includes CO,CO 2 ,HC,NOx ….. Of these NOx is particularly very harmful. These are one of the chief constituents of smog, which have an adverse effect on ecological systems. They also contribute to the formation of acid rain. NOx also cause breathing illness in human beings.

2. KINDLY SUBSCRIBE THE YOUTUBE CHANNEL ALSO..... MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL ADVANCE DESIGN SKILLS ARE AVAILABLE ON YOUTUBE. LINK : https://studio.youtube.com/channel/UCJp3a0R2k_lWlOnoXy5sukA

3. NEED OF EGR SYSTEM The factors that cause diesel engines to run more efficiently than gasoline engines also cause them to run at a higher temperature. This leads to the creation of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Fuel in any engine is burned with extra air and some of the oxygen is used to burn the fuel. When the peak temperatures are high enough for long periods of time, the nitrogen and oxygen in the air combines to form Nitrogen oxides. These are normally collectively referred to as Nox .

4. HOW CAN NOx BE REDUCED? In order to reduce NOx a engine should run at a lower temperature than the normal temperature . Reduced cylinder temperatures can be achieved in three ways. Enriching the air fuel mixture 2. Lowering the compression ratio and retarding ignition timings 3. Reducing the amount of Oxygen in the cylinder

5. EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION Exhaust Gas Recirculation is an efficient method to reduce NOx emissions from the engine . It works by recirculating a quantity of exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders. Intermixing the recirculate gas with incoming air reduces the amount of available O 2 to the combustion And lowers the peak temperature of combustion . Recirculation is usually achieved by piping a route from the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold.

6. Schematic Diagram of An EGR

7. BASIC PARTS OF EGR There are 3 basic parts of EGR EGR Valve EGR Cooler EGR Transfer Pipe

8. ACTUAL DIAGRAM OF EGR SYSTEM IN ENGINE

9. EGR OPERATING CONDITIONS There are three operating conditions for EGR flow. High EGR flow Low EGR flow No EGR flow

10. WORKING OF EGR SYSTENM The purpose of the EGR system is to precisely regulate the flow under different operating conditions. By integrating the fuel and spark control with the EGR metering system, engine performance and the fuel economy can be enhanced For this an Electronic Control Machine is used to regulate the EGR flow. When EGR is required ECM opens the EGR valve.

11. The ECM is capable of neutralizing the negative aspects of EGR by programming additional spark advance and decreased fuel injection duration during periods EGR flow

12. EXPERIMENT RESULTS Relationship between EGR rate and NOX

13. TECHNICAL ISSUES Combustion Contamination Exhaust gas from any combustion process may have certain contaminants May lead to serious combustion degradation and instability, and shorter component life. Control System Stability Control systems for modern engines have been developed over two decades to maintain emissions control at varying loads, speeds, and fuel conditions . Adding EGR into the combustion process introduces further complexity.

14. Materials and Durability EGR systems may decrease long-term life of the components affected, including the EGR coolers and control valves, the pistons and cylinder heads, exhaust manifolds and sensors Continuous duty applications may cause materials breakdown, shorter component life, and even unexpected, catastrophic engine failures.

15. FUTURE OF EGR Current Proposal: Require a functional check of the EGR system: detect a malfunction when the system has reached its control limits such that it cannot achieve the target EGR flow Require a functional check of the EGR cooling system for proper cooling

16. CONCLUSION Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation Technique in engines, the emissions are vary much controlled due to lesser amounts of NOx entering the atmosphere. Exhaust Gas Recirculation is a very simple method. It has proven to be very useful and it is being modified further to attain better standards. This method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption EGR is the most effective method for reducing the nitrous oxide emissions from the engine exhaust.

17. REFERENCES hhttp ://www.yet2.com httAAAAwww.fordscorpio.co.uk Advanced Automobile Engineering. Automobile Engineering. Applied Thermodynamics.

18. THANK YOU