How plants survive CLASS IV

HOW PLANTS SURVIVE CLASS IV
OWNER: DEEPA UNNIKRISHNAN

1. HOW PLANTS SURVIVE
CLASS IV SCIENCE

2. Adaptations in Plants
Plants are found almost everywhere.
Some plants grow on land while some grow in water.
The plants that grow on land differ from those that grow in
water.
Conditions of the environment which affect plant life are -
The type of soil, availability of water, temperature,
amount of light, amount of rainfall, altitudes, direction of
winds etc.
Those plants which they can adaptthemselves to that
conditions will survive or else they will die off.
Adaptation:-The development of characteristics which helps
plant to survive in a particular environment.
Habitat:-The surroundings in which a plant lives.

3. Types of Plants
TERRESTRIAL
AQUATIC
INSECTIVOROUS
NON-GREEN PLANTS
HABITAT

4. Terrestrial Plants
Plants that grow on land.
They are found in plains, mountains, deserts, swamps and
coastal areas.
Different types of plants grow in different surroundings.
They have specific features that help them to survive in a
particular climate.
Plants In Plains:-
Large flat areas of land are called plains.
Plants growing in plains can be grouped into two categories -
1.Plants in Areas of Less Rainfall
2. Plants in Areas of Heavy Rainfall

5. Plants in Areas of Less Rainfall
Trees that grow in these areas may have several branches
and broad leaves to capture sunlight.
Broad leaves help water to evaporate easily, thus keeping
them cool during summers and can survive in very hot
climate
Most trees have thick barks and shed their leaves in autumn
and grow new leaves in spring.
Trees that shed their leaves in autumn are called deciduous
trees.
Eg:-Neem, Peepal, Gulmohar, Ashok, Sheesham and Sal

6. Plants in Areas of Heavy Rainfall
Plants in areas of heavy rainfall have leaves that remain
green throughout the year and are called as evergreen trees.
Eg:-Rubber, Teak etc.

7. Plants on Mountains
Trees growing on mountains and hilly areas are usually tall,
straight and cone shaped.
These features allow the snow to easily slide off their
branches.
The leaves of these trees are needle -like and have a waxy
coating to prevent any damage from snow .
The trees that grow in the hills have cones instead of flowers.
That is why they are called conifers. Eg:-Pine and Fir

8. Plants in Deserts
Only those plants that need
very little water can survive
in a desert.
To save water, desert plants
have the following features-
1.They do not have any
leaves, their leaves are
reduced to spines to check
water loss.
2.As their stems are thick ,
fleshy and are green in colour
they does the work of the
leaves, i.e, photosynthesis.
3.They store water in their
thick stems, which become
fleshy.
Eg:-Cactus, babool and date
palms.

9. Plants in Swamps
They have sticky soil which
contains a lot of water.
This type of soil do not have
enough air for the roots of the
plants to breathe easily.
They have special roots
known as breathing roots
which grow above the soil to
breathe.
These breathing roots stick
out of the water and have
pores in them for exchange of
gases.
They also absorb water and
minerals required for
photosynthesis.
The plants growing in these
regions are called mangroves.

10. Plants on Sea Coast
Coconut trees grow in coastal
areas because they can
survive in salty water and
prefer areas of high rainfall.
The seeds of such plants are
carried off to faraway places
by water.

11. Aquatic Plants
Plants that grow in water are known as aquatic plants.
These plants have special features which enable them to
adapt themselves to their surroundings.
Different types of Aquatic Plants are
FLOATING PLANTS
FIXED PLANTS
UNDERWATER PLANTS
1
2
3

12. Floating Plants
Stems of floating plants are light and spongy so that they
can easily float on water.
Some plants have swellingson their leaf stalkswhich are
filled with air. This makes the plants light and keeps them
afloat.
Some plants have broad leaves , which enable them to float.
Stomata here is present on the upper surface of the leaves,
enabling the exchange of gases.
Eg:-Duckweed and Water hyacinth .

13. Fixed Plants These plants are fixed to the soil
at the bottom of the pond with the
help of their roots.
The stems are thin, hollow, light,
long and flexiblewhich can bend
easily in the direction of the
flowing water, thus prevent them
from getting damaged or uprooted
by the flowing water and can
easily reach the surface of the
water.
Their leaves are broadand flatand
can easily float on the surface of
the water and have their upper
surfacecovered with waxand
bear stomata for the exchange of
gases.
The waxy coating on the leaves
prevents them from rotting.
Eg:-Water lily and Lotus.

14. Underwater Plants
These plants are fixed to the soil at the bottom of the pond
with the help of their roots.
Their stem and leaves remain fully under water. They have
thin and narrow leaves, without any stomata.
Exchange of gases dissolved in water directly through their
surface.
Such plants clean the water by taking in carbon dioxide from
it and releasing oxygen into it.
Eg:-Tape grass(Vallisneria) and Pondweed .

15. Insectivorous Plants
Some plants grow in soil that is poor in minerals and thus
trap insects and consume them.
Their leaves are modified to trap insects and hence they are
known as insectivorous plants.
These plants are carnivorous in nature.
Eg:-Venus flytrap and Pitcher plant.

16. Non-green Plants
Plants such as Indian Pipe and Coral root are nongreen
plants because they do not have chlorophyll.
These plants cannot prepare their own food.
They absorb the nutrients from dead and decaying plants and
animals.
They are also called as saprophytic plants.

17. Useful Plants

18. Useful Plants