howthestategovernmentworks-200810124322.pptx

State

1. Grade – 7- Civics Civics- How the State Government Works 1 Navya Rai

2. Introduction India is a democratic country which is governed by three levels Local State Central Central Government State G ov e r n m e nt Local Government 2

3. Why there is a need for three levels of Government? India is a vast country with many diversities. The problems of people in villages and small towns different from those living in cities. The government meets the needs and demands of people by dividing itself into three levels. This is called decentralization of power, wherein each level has its own area of functioning. 3

4. Levels of Government National Government makes decisions on matters like defence, issue of currency, foreign affairs, etc State Government makes decisions related to the state like agricultural policy of the state. Local Government responsible for managing the affairs of small towns and the villages. 4

5. State Legislature in India Like the Parliament at the Union level, each state has a state legislature. The state Legislature is the law making body in the states. 5

6. State Legislature in India Bicameral Unicameral Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) L e g isl a ti v e A s s e m b ly (Vidhan Sabha) Bihar Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra Karnataka West Bengal Punjab Kerala Odisha Delhi 6

7. Legislative Council The Legislative Council or the Vidhan Parishad is the upper house of the state legislature. The size of a state’s Legislative Council depends on the total strength of its Legislative Assembly. 7

8. According to the Constitution, size of a state’s Legislative Council cannot be more than one-third of the Legislative Assembly and not less than 40. The Legislative Council is a partly nominated partly elected body. The Council is a permanent body. Members tenure is 6 years. 8

9. Legislative Assembly Legislative Assembly(Vidhan sabha) is the popularly elected house of State Legislature. Functions Most important function is law making. Control over state’s finance. State ministers answerable to Legislative Assembly. Has power on state list. 9

10. Legislative Assembly Debate All important matters are debated in Legislative Assembly. 10

11. Member of Legislative Assembly The term of legislative assembly is five years. Electors in a constituency casting vote to choose their MLA. Elected representative from each constituency become a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). These candidates belong to different political parties. The political party whose MLAs secure more than half number in a state is majority party or ruling party. All the other members or parties form the opposition. 11

12. What is a Constituency? Every state is divided into small areas called constituencies’ which is a covering one more districts. Each such constituencies’ has an elected representative, who is a member of the Legislative Assembly. It is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Gujarat. It is situated in the capital Gandhinagar. It was first elected in 1962. Presently, there are 182 constituencies where members are directly elected. 12

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14. State Functionaries Governor – The Nominal Head Chief Minister – The Real Head of the state State Council of M i ni st er s - K ey A dv i sors 14

15. T H E G O V E R N OR Constitutional head of the state. Appointed by the President of the state. He appoints the chief minister and other members of the council of ministers. Every bill has to approved by the Governor. Has the power to declare emergency. Has the right to dissolve the legislature. G ov e rn o r o f G uj a r a t – Acharya Devvrat 15

16. Chief Minister The Chief Minister is the leader of the Legislative Assembly of the State. He selects the ministers in the Council of Ministers. He is the Main link between the Governor and state cabinet. All important announcement on behalf of government made by him. 16 B. S. Yediyurappa – Chief Minister of Karnataka

17. Functions of the Cabinet Ministers All important executive decisions are taken in the cabinet. These decisions are binding on the entire Council of Ministers. Each department in the state government is headed by Cabinet Minister. One minister may be in charge of more than one department. 17 I n du st r y Agriculture He a lth

18. Role of Political Parties In democracy, political parties play an important role. Political parties bridge the gap between people and government. A political party is a group of people who come together contest elections and hold power in the government. 18

19. Coalition Government When no single party is able to attain majority in elections, group of political parties come together and form a government. This is called as coalition government. Examples: The first successful coalition government in India which completed the whole 5-year term was the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) led National Democratic Alliances with Atal Bihari Vajpayee as PM from 1999 to 2004. Then another coalition, Congress led United Progressive Alliances, ruled India for two terms from 2004 to 2014 with Manmohan Singh as PM. 19

20. Role of Opposition Parties Opposition parties refer to elected political parties, or representatives, who are not members of ruling party. Opposition party plays an important role in highlighting the weaknesses of the government. 20

21. People’s Power In a democracy ultimate power lies with the people. Ruling party cannot ignore demands of the people. If government failed to deal with peoples demands would lead to change of government. 21

22. Role of Media Media plays an important role in highlighting merits and demerits of a government’s policies. 22

23. Press Conference A large number of people from different newspapers and TV channels along with ministers and government officials meet up for a conference. Ministers are expected to explain theirs policies and actions. 23