HSE-BMS-039 Drug and Alcohol Awareness.ppt

HSE-BMS-039 Drug and Alcohol Awareness.ppt

1. Drug and Alcohol
Awareness

2. 2
Introduction
Daewoo E&C is committed to a safe, healthy, and
productive workplace for all employees. DEC
recognizes that alcohol, drug, or other substance abuse
by employees impairs their ability to perform properly
and has serious adverse effects on the safety, efficiency,
and productivity of other employees and on DEC as a
whole. The misuse of legitimate drugs, or the use,
possession, distribution, or sale of illicit or not
prescribed controlled drugs on company business or
premises is strictly prohibited and is grounds for
termination. Being unfit for work because of use of drugs
or alcohol is strictly prohibited and is grounds for
termination of employment. While this procedure refers
specifically to alcohol and drugs, it also applies to
inhalants and all other forms of substance abuse.

3. 3
Introduction
DEC will conduct random testing to his employee and
for those person who obviously under influence of
drugs or alcohol. Driver and operators are subject to
testing before starting his daily job.
Smoking at work places should be banned except in
designated smoking areas which are equipped with
the smoking signs and trash cans, and possession of
lighters and matches should be prohibited before
entering at work areas.

4. 4
Program Implementation
PROGRAM
BENEFITS TRAINING &
COUNSELLING
DRUG & ALCOHOL
ABUSE PROGRAM
IDENTIFYING
DRUG ABUSER
DRUG
TESTING
PROGRAM COMPONENTS

5. 5
Program Implementation
DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCE
•Establish responsibility
•Assess organizational needs
•Develop policies and rules
•Employee Assistance Program
•Drug Testing
•Inform the workforce
•Conduct employee training
•Implement the paper program
•Periodically review the program
•Modify policies and rules as
appropriate

6. 6
Hidden Cost of Abuse
COSTS OF ALCOHOL AND
OTHER DRUG ABUSE
Hospitalization costs
Accident investigation fees
Wages paid for tardy or missed
days
Replacement costs of damaged
equipment
Wages paid for accident downtime
Increased costs for insurance, &
physicians
Costs of security services and or
consulting services

7. 7
Hidden Cost of Abuse
STATISTICS FROM A DRUG
DEPENDANT PEOPLE:
75% had used drugs on the job
64% admitted that drugs
adversely affected job
performance
44% said they had sold drugs to
other employees
18% said they had stolen from co-
workers

8. 8
Hidden Cost of Abuse
THOSE WHO ILLICITLY USE DRUGS
OR ALCOHOL ARE:
2.5 times more likely to have absences
of 8 days or more
3.6 times more likely to injure
themselves or others on the job
5.0 times more likely to be injured off
the job
5.0 times more likely to file a workers’
compensation claim
1/3 less productive than their co-
workers who didn’t
Incurred 300 percent higher medical
costs

9. 9
Program Benefits
SHORT-TERM BENEFITS
Fewer accidents
Fewer disciplinary actions
Cost savings and incentives
program
Reduced losses due to
absenteeism, theft and fraud
Less chance that a user/abuser
will apply and be hired
Ability to respond quickly to
program related problem

10. 10
Program Benefits
LONG-TERM BENEFITS
Reduced cost of insurance claims
Lower cost due to losses and
errors
Improved employee morale and
productivity
Earlier identification and resolution
of problems
Greater employee awareness
about the problem
Decrease legal cost and costs of
hiring and training

11. 11
Signs of Substance Abuse
Absenteeism: Two to three times more than other
employees
Staff Turnover: Many quit rather than face detection
Lower Productivity: Perform at 2/3 of their work potential
Equipment Breakdown: May use this as a stopwork excuse
Poor Work Quality: Mental and physical agility deteriorates
Poor Morale: Abuse creates wide mood swings, anxiety,
depression and anger
Increased Accidents. Abusers are 3.6 times more likely to
have or cause an accident
Near Misses: Even small quantities of drugs can cause a
near miss. Always treat a near miss just like an actual
accident

12. 12
The Stages of Abuse
STAGE 2
MORE FREQUENT USE
STAGE 3
PREOCCUPIED WITH GETTING HIGH
STAGE 4
COMPULSIVE USE
STAGE 1
CASUAL OR EXPERIMENTAL USE

13. 13
The Stages of Abuse
The person gets high
but no one thinks it is a
problem
There may not be any
signs of use at this
stage
STAGE 1
CASUAL OR EXPERIMENTAL USE

14. 14
The Stages of Abuse
The person starts using
more often -even during
the week. Clues include;
Changes in friends
Poor school or work
performance
Mood changes and possible
“blackouts”
STAGE 2
MORE FREQUENT USE

15. 15
The Stages of Abuse
STAGE 3
PREOCCUPIED WITH GETTING HIGH
Daily use is common, others
may binge once a week or so
The user is ill more often
Family and job problems get
worse
The user may begin to have
trouble with the rules &
regulations
Family and friends become
concerned

16. 16
The Stages of Abuse
STAGE 4
COMPULSIVE USE
Without the drug the user may go
into withdrawal
Blackouts and overdosing are more
common
The family feels torn apart
Getting money to buy drugs
becomes an obsession
The user is about to lose his or her
job
The user is isolated from friends
Without treatment, insanity and or
death may follow

17. 17
Drugs and Their Affects
COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS:
Marijuana
Cocaine
Alcohol
Depressants (Valium, Xanax, Librium, etc.)
Amphetamines (Dexedrine, Ritalin, Methedrine,
Methamphetamine)
Inhalants (Solvents, Plastic cements, Lighter fluid,
etc.)
Hallucinogens (PCP, LSD, Designer Drugs-Ecstasy)

18. 18
Drugs and Their Affects
THC or delta-9-tetra-
hydrocannabinol
The most commonly
abused illicit drug
The herbal form of the
drug consists of dried
mature flowers and
subtending leaves of
pistillate plants
MARIJUANA

19. 19
Drugs and Their Affects
Street name:
Grass, pot, weed, ganja, doobie, reefer,
Mary Jane
Type of Drug
Derived from the hemp plant Cannabis
Sativa
How Taken
Smoked or sometimes used in food
(brownies)
Effects
Euphoric feeling; increased sense of well-
being
Lack of motivation, lowered inhibitions,
talkativeness
Dry mouth and throat
MARIJUANA

20. 20
Drugs and Their Affects
Increase appetite –“munchies”
Impaired coordination, concentration,
and memory
Increase heart rate
Dangers
Deteriorating performance at work
“Burn out” involving muddled thinking
Acute frustration, depression, and
isolation
Impaired sexual development and fertility
Production of abnormal sperm
Menstrual irregularities
Damage to the lungs and pulmonary
system
MARIJUANA

21. 21
Drugs and Their Affects
One joint equal to 25 commercial
cigarettes
Impaired ability to operate
machinery and vehicles
Hallucinations and paranoia in
high doses
Increased risk to safety and
health at work
Increased accident rates at work
Prolonged use can lead to
psychological dependance
Can be a “gateway” to more
serious drugs
MARIJUANA

22. 22
Drugs and Their Affects
Cocaine hydrochloride
A commonly abused illicit
drug but very costly
Cocaine is a strong central
nervous system stimulant
that interferes with the re-
absorption process of
dopamine, a chemical
messenger associated with
pleasure
COCAINE

23. 23
Drugs and Their Affects
Street name:
Coke, blow, snow, toot, flake
Type of Drug
A highly potent organic stimulant
derived from the coca plant
A white crystalline powder sometimes
cut/diluted with sugar
Other Forms
Crack, an expensive purified form of
cocaine -Known to show signs of
clinical addiction after one use
Freebase, is formed by heating pure
cocaine, mixing it with ether and
sodium bicarbonate and smoking it
COCAINE

24. 24
Drugs and Their Affects
How Taken
Sniffed or snorted through the nose
(cocaine)
Smoked (crack)
Effects
Brief but intense feelings of
euphoria and competence
Stimulates the central nervous
system
Increases pulse, blood pressure,
body temperature
Increases respiratory rate
Sleeplessness and chronic fatigue
COCAINE

25. 25
Drugs and Their Affects
Dangers
Bleeding and other damage to
nasal passages
Paranoid psychosis, hallucinations,
mental abnormalities
Impaired ability to operate
machinery and vehicles
Death caused by heart or
respiratory failure
Injury or death caused by
freebasing (volatile when heated)
COCAINE

26. 26
Drugs and Their Affects
The most commonly abused substance in the world
Alcohol is often not thought of as a drug -largely
because its use is common for both religious and social
purposes in most parts of the world. It is a drug,
however, and compulsive drinking in excess has
become one of modern society's most serious problems
The beverage alcohol (scientifically known as ethyl
alcohol, or ethanol) is produced by fermenting or
distilling various fruits, vegetables, or grains. Ethyl
alcohol itself is a clear, colorless liquid. Alcoholic
beverages get their distinctive colors from the diluents,
additives, and by-products of fermentation.
ALCOHOL

27. 27
Drugs and Their Affects
Common type of Alcoholic Beverages:
Wine, Beer, Whisky, Brandy, Rum, Gin
Type of Drug
Acts as a depressant on the central nervous
system
A psychoactive ingredient in beer, wine, and
distilled liquor
How Taken
Consumed in drinks but can be used in
cooking as well
Effects
Initially acts as a stimulant, invigorates thought
and activity
Eventually acts as a depressant
In higher doses causes aggressive tendencies
ALCOHOL

28. 28
Drugs and Their Affects
In extremely high doses causes sedation and
coma
Causes reddening of the eyes
Impairs the ability to use self-control
Impairs memory, coordination and driving
ability
Dangers
Safe if used in moderation by otherwise
healthy people
Impaired ability to operate machinery and
vehicles
Blackouts or memory loss from minutes to
days
Can damage the liver, heart, pancreas,
gastrointestinal tract
Can increase susceptibility to disease
ALCOHOL

29. 29
Drugs and Their Affects
The largest and most
commonly abused
category of controlled
substances
The impact of depressants
abuse on the workplace is
substantial in highly
stressful or demanding
positions
DEPRESSANTS

30. 30
Drugs and Their Affects
Benzodiazepines:
Tranquilizers / Sleeping Pills
-Valium, Librium, Xanax, Tranxene
Barbiturates
Downers, Barbs, Goofballs, Blues, etc.
-Seconal, Nembutal, Amytal, Butisol, Tuinol
Methaqualone
Ludes, sopors, 714s
-Quaalude, Hymnal, Mandrax, Parest, etc.
Type of Drug
Synthetically produced legal drugs often
prescribed
Distribution is controlled by the Food & Drug
Authority
DEPRESSANTS

31. 31
Drugs and Their Affects
How Taken
Consumed orally, can be injected into the
bloodstream
Effects
Produces sedation and/or sleep
Lessens tension, anxiety, and irritability
Can cause confusion, slurred speech, depression
Can cause lack of coordination, loss of motor control
Can cause disorientation, and suicidal behavior
Dangers
Safe if properly prescribed to otherwise healthy people
Impaired ability to operate machinery and vehicles
In extremely high doses causes sedation, coma and
death
DEPRESSANTS

32. 32
Drugs and Their Affects
Is a powerfully addictive stimulant that dramatically
affects the central nervous system. The drug is made
easily in clandestine laboratories with relatively
inexpensive over-the-counter ingredients.
These factors combine to make Amphetamine a drug
with high potential for widespread abuse.
It is also used to treat symptoms of traumatic brain
injury and the daytime drowsiness symptoms of
narcolepsy and chronic fatigue syndrome. Initially it
was more popularly used to diminish the appetite
and to control weight.
AMPHETAMINES

33. 33
Drugs and Their Affects
Alpha-methylphenethylamine
Dexedrine, Aderall, Biphetamine,
Ritalin, Preludin, Methedrine
Ephedrine
Methamphetamine
-Shabu, Ice, Glass, Meth, Chalk,
crank, Crystal, Speed
Type of Drug
Chemically manufactured drugs
Stimulants of the central nervous
system
How Taken
Consumed orally, injected, or inhaled
into the nose
AMPHETAMINES

34. 34
Drugs and Their Affects
Effects
Produces feelings of alertness and euphoria
Increases heart rate and blood pressure
Dilates the pupils of the eyes
Decreases appetite
Causes distorted thinking
Enables sleeplessness for relatively long
periods of time
Dangers
Dizziness, headaches, blurred vision, and
sweating
Loss of coordination, tremors, convulsions,
and collapse
Anorexia and malnutrition resulting from
decreased appetite
AMPHETAMINES

35. 35
Drugs and Their Affects
AMPHETAMINES

36. 36
Drugs and Their Affects
Dangers
Nervousness, irritability, and drastic
mood swings
Hallucinations, paranoia, physical
collapse
Brain deterioration
Continued heavy use can be fatal
Sudden blood pressure increases
from injections resulting in:
-Fever
-Stroke
-Heart failure
AMPHETAMINES

37. 37
Drugs and Their Affects
The general group of pharmacological agents commonly
known as hallucinogenscan be divided into three broad
categories: psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants.
These classes of psychoactive drugs have in common that
they can cause subjective changes in perception, thought,
emotion and consciousness. Unlike other psychoactive
drugs, such as stimulants and opioids, the hallucinogens
do not merely amplify familiar states of mind, but rather
induce experiences that are qualitatively different from
those of ordinary consciousness. These experiences are
often compared to non-ordinary forms of consciousness
such as trance, meditation, , and dreams.
HALLUCINOGENS

38. 38
Drugs and Their Affects
Psychedelicwas coined to express the idea of a drug that
makes manifest a hidden but real aspect of the mind. It is
commonly applied to any drug with perception-altering effects
such as LSD, psilocybin, DMT, 2C-B, mescaline. A large
number of drugs, such as cannabis and Ecstasy, produce
effects that could be classified as psychedelic (especially at
higher doses
Dissociativesare drugs that reduce (or block) signals to the
conscious mind from other parts of the brain, typically (but not
necessarily, or limited to) the physical senses. Such a state of
sensory deprivation can facilitateself exploration,
hallucinations, and dreamlike states of mind which may
resemble some psychedelic mindstates.
HALLUCINOGENS

39. 39
Drugs and Their Affects
Deliriantsare sometimes called true hallucinogens, because
they do cause hallucinations in the proper sense: a user may
have conversations with people who aren't there, or become
angry at a 'person' mimicking their actions, not realizing it is
their own reflection in a mirror.
They are called deliriants because their effects are similar to
the experiences of people with delirious fevers. While
dissociatives can produce effects similar to lucid dreaming
(during which one is consciously aware of dreaming while doing
such), the deliriants have effects akin to sleepwalking (whereby
one doesn't remember what happened during the experience.
HALLUCINOGENS

40. 40
Drugs and Their Affects
HALLUCINOGENS
Psychedelic
(Ecstasy)
Dissociatives
(Cough Syrups)
Deliriants
(antihistamines
diphenhydramine)

41. 41
Drugs and Their Affects
PCP or Phyencyclidine is a synthetic drug
-Called: Angel dust, rocket fuel, zombie, krystal joints & etc
LSD or Lysergic Acid Diethylamide is made from lysergic
acid
-Called: Acid, fry, microdot, white lightening & etc.
Ecstasy or Methylenedioxy Methamphetamine
-Called: X, XTC, disco biscuits, scoobie snacks
Psilocybin is the active ingredient in the psilocybe
mushroom
-Called: Magic mushrooms, shrooms & etc.
Peyote and Mescaline are active ingredients in peyote
cactus
-Called: Mesc, buttons & etc
HALLUCINOGENS

42. 42
Drugs and Their Affects
Type of Drug
Hallucinogens distort a person’s
sensation, thinking emotions and
perceptions
How Taken
Consumed orally, injected, or inhaled
into the nose
Cigarettes also can be dipped into
liquid PCP and smoked
Effects
Distortion of reality, may report
“seeing sounds”.
-May report “hearing colors”.
HALLUCINOGENS

43. 43
Drugs and Their Affects
Dangers
Flashbacks -a recurrence of
psychedelic effects after use of the
drug ceases
Severe mood swings and paranoia
Impaired thinking and judgment
leading to irrational behavior
Unexpected and unexplained
outbursts of violence
Genetic changes
Depression, sometimes coupled
with suicidal tendencies
HALLUCINOGENS

44. 44
Drugs and Their Affects
The effects of recreational
solvent inhalation can range
from an alcohol-like intoxication
and euphoria to hallucinations.
The use of inhalants can cause
injuries and, in some cases can
lead to death.
Nonmedical inhalant use is
restricted and even criminalized
in some jurisdictions, often by
forbidding the sale of
commonly-used products.
INHALANTS

45. 45
Drugs and Their Affects
Street Names:
Plastic cement, fingernail polish remover,
lighter fluid, nitrous oxide, ether, hairspray,
insecticides, and cleaning fluid
Type of Drug
Breathable substances that produce
psychoactive effects
How Taken
Inhaled into the nose or mouth
Effects
Short-term
-Short-lived high resulting in dizziness &
lightheadedness
INHALANTS

46. 46
Drugs and Their Affects
Effects
Short-term
-Can cause sneezing, coughing,
runny nose, nose bleeds
-Can cause nausea, abnormal heart
rhythm and chest pain
-Can causes impaired coordination,
balance and judgment
Long-term
-Liver, nerve, and brain damage
-Heart failure, respiratory arrest,
suffocation, coma and death
INHALANTS

47. 47
Drugs and Their Affects
Dangers
Death can result when
high concentration
replace oxygen in the
lungs suppressing the
CNS causing breathing to
stop
Brain damage from
prolonged use
INHALANTS

48. 48
Alcohol & Drug Testing
PURPOSE OF ALCHOOL &
DRUG TESTING;
Employment screening
Safety concern
Crime reduction
Concerns over employee
well being
Productivity
TYPES OF TESTING;
Urine test
Blood test
Breath Alcohol test

49. 49
Alcohol & Drug Testing
TESTING SHALL BE
CONDUCTED ON THE
FOLLOWING SITUATIONS;
Pre-employment medical test
Reasonable suspicion
Random testing
Post-accident test
Post-treatment test
Promotion

50. 50
Counseling
DENIAL:The employee
denies that problems exist and
insists that everyone is out to
get them.
RESPONSE:Stay calm.
Have at hand documentation
of the job performance and/or
conduct and keep the
conversation focused on
performance issues.

51. 51
Counseling
THREATS:"If you push me,
I'll go to an attorney . . . make
a scene ---quit here and
now . . . “
RESPONSE:Remind them
that they are free to do what
ever they choose. Remind
them of your responsibility. If
you lose objectivity seek the
help of another supervisor or
manager.

52. 52
Counseling
RATIONALIZATION: "If this
job wasn't so stressful, I
wouldn't be making so many
mistakes and wouldn't be late
so often."
RESPONSE:Stay focused on
work performance. Avoid
being distracted by excuses;
let the employee know that
help is available.

53. 53
Counseling
ANGRY OUTBURST: The
employee becomes angry. He or
she may cry, yell, or scream.
This emotional outburst is
intended to scare off the
supervisor and cause him or her
to drop the whole affair.
RESPONSE:Do not react! Wait
until the employee has run out of
steam and then continue where
you left off; keep the focus on
performance issues. If the
employee continues to carry on,
reschedule the meeting.

54. 54
Counseling
Says we want you if you invest in
yourself
Lets you decide what is most
important
Comes with conditions:
-Periodic drug testing
-Rehabilitation
-No relapses
-Measured work performance.
Confidentiality will be maintained
Keeps a good worker working
LAST CHANCE AGREEMENT:

55. 55
Summary
Alcohol and Drug Abuse will destroy life
Work performance will be severely affected
Friends and Family relationship will be
affected
Good implementation of Alcohol & Drug
Abuse Program can save life and enhance
work performance