HTML and DHTML
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Jan 04, 2022
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About This Presentation
NET
Slide Content
BY:SURBHI SAROHA HTML Basics 1
HTML FILE 2 HTML is a format that tells a computer how to display a web page. The documents themselves are plain text files with special "tags" or codes that a web browser uses to interpret and display information on your computer screen. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags. The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page . An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension.
Example 3 <html> <head> <title>My First Webpage</title> </head> <body> This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b> </body> </html>
HTM or HTML Extension? 4 When you save an HTML file, you can use either the . htm or the .html extension. The . htm extension comes from the past when some of the commonly used software only allowed three letter extensions. It is perfectly safe to use either .html or . htm , but be consistent. mypage.htm and mypage.html are treated as different files by the browser.
HTML Tags 5 HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements HTML tags are surrounded by the two characters < and > The surrounding characters are called angle brackets HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b> The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag The text between the start and end tags is the element content HTML tags are not case sensitive, <b> means the same as <B>
Logical vs. Physical Tags 6 In HTML there are both logical tags and physical tags. Logical tags are designed to describe (to the browser) the enclosed text's meaning. An example of a logical tag is the <strong> </strong> tag. By placing text in between these tags you are telling the browser that the text has some greater importance. By default all browsers make the text appear bold when in between the <strong> and </strong> tags. Physical tags on the other hand provide specific instructions on how to display the text they enclose.
Cont… 7 Examples of physical tags include: <b>: Makes the text bold. <big>: Makes the text usually one size bigger than what's around it. < i >: Makes text italic.
Nested Tags 8 You may have noticed in the example above, the <body> tag also contains other tags, like the <b> tab. When you enclose an element in with multiple tags, the last tag opened should be the first tag closed. For example: <p><b>< em > This is NOT the proper way to close nested tags.</p></ em ></b> <p><b>< em > This is the proper way to close nested tags. </ em ></b></p> Note: It doesn't matter which tag is first, but they must be closed in the proper order.
Tag Attributes 9 Tags can have attributes. Attributes can provide additional information about the HTML elements on your page. The <tag> tells the browser to do something, while the attribute tells the browser how to do it. For instance, if we add the bgcolor attribute, we can tell the browser that the background color of your page should be blue, like this: <body bgcolor ="blue">.
Basic HTML Tags 10 Tag Description <html> Defines an HTML document <body> Defines the document's body <h1> to <h6>Defines header 1 to header 6 <p> Defines a paragraph < br > Inserts a single line break <hr> Defines a horizontal rule <!--> Defines a comment
Headings 11 Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the largest heading while <h6> defines the smallest. <h1>This is a heading</h1> <h2>This is a heading</h2> <h3>This is a heading</h3> <h4>This is a heading</h4> <h5>This is a heading</h5> <h6> This is a heading</h6>
Paragraphs 12 Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag. Think of a paragraph as a block of text. You can use the align attribute with a paragraph tag as well. <p align="left">This is a paragraph</p> <p align="center">this is another paragraph</p> Line Breaks The < br > tag is used when you want to start a new line, but don't want to start a new paragraph. The < br > tag forces a line break wherever you place it. It is similar to single spacing in a document.
Cont…. 13
Logical Tags 14
Physical Tags 15
HTML Colors 16 Color Values Colors are defined using a hexadecimal notation for the combination of red, green, and blue color values (RGB). The lowest value that can be given to one light source is 0 (hex #00). The highest value is 255 (hex #FF). This table shows the result of combining red, green, and blue:
Color Values 17
Color Names 18
Cont…. 19 Note: Only 16 color names are supported by the W3C HTML 4.0 standard (aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow). For all other colors you should use the Color HEX value.
HTML Lists 20 HTML provides a simple way to show unordered lists (bullet lists) or ordered lists (numbered lists). Unordered Lists An unordered list is a list of items marked with bullets (typically small black circles). An unordered list starts with the < ul > tag. Each list item starts with the < li > tag.
Ordered Lists 21 An ordered list is also a list of items. The list items are marked with numbers. An ordered list starts with the < ol > tag. Each list item starts with the < li > tag.
Definition Lists 22 Definition lists consist of two parts: a term and a description. To mark up a definition list, you need three HTML elements; a container <dl>, a definition term < dt >, and a definition description < dd >.
Example 23 <html> <head> <title>My First Webpage</title> </head> <body bgcolor ="#EDDD9E"> <h1 align="center">My First Webpage</h1> <p>Welcome to my <strong>first</strong> webpage. I am writing this page using a text editor and plain old html.</p> <p>By learning html, I'll be able to create web pages like a pro....< br > which I am of course.</p> Here's what I've learned: < ul > < li >How to use HTML tags</ li >
Example 24 < li >How to use HTML colors</ li > < li >How to create Lists</ li > </ ul > </body> </html>
HTML Links 25 HTML uses the <a> anchor tag to create a link to another document or web page. The Anchor Tag and the Href Attribute An anchor can point to any resource on the Web: an HTML page, an image, a sound file, a movie, etc. The syntax of creating an anchor: <a href =" url ">Text to be displayed</a> The <a> tag is used to create an anchor to link from, the href attribute is used to tell the address of the document or page we are linking to, and the words between the open and close of the anchor tag will be displayed as a hyperlink.
HTML Images 26 The Image Tag and the Src Attribute The < img > tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only and it has no closing tag. To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display on your page. < img src ="graphics/chef.gif">
Example 27 <html> <head> <title>My First Webpage</title> </head> <body> <h1 align="center">My First Web page</h1> <p>Welcome to my first webpage. I am writing this page using a text editor and plain old html.</p> <p>By learning html, I'll be able to create web pages like a pro....< br > which I am of course.</p>
Cont…. 28 <!-- Who would have guessed how easy this would be :) --> <p>< img src ="graphics/chef.gif" width="130" height="101" alt="Smiling Happy Chef" align="center"></p> <p align="center">This is my Chef</p> </body> </html>
Tables 29 Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the < tr > tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). The letters td stands for table data, which is the content of a data cell. A data cell can contain text, images, lists, paragraphs, forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc.
Example 30
Tables and the Border Attribute 31 To display a table with borders, you will use the border attribute.
Headings in a Table 32 Headings in a table are defined with the < th > tag.
Cell Padding and Spacing 33 The <table> tag has two attributes known as cellspacing and cellpadding . Here is a table example without these properties. These properties may be used separately or together.
Cont…. 34 Cellspacing is the pixel width between the individual data cells in the table (The thickness of the lines making the table grid). The default is zero. If the border is set at 0, the cellspacing lines will be invisible.
Cont…. 35 Cellpadding is the pixel space between the cell contents and the cell border. The default for this property is also zero. This feature is not used often, but sometimes comes in handy when you have your borders turned on and you want the contents to be away from the border a bit for easy viewing. Cellpadding is invisible, even with the border property turned on. Cellpadding can be handled in a style sheet.
Cont…. 36
Table Tags 37
DHTML 38 DHTML stands for Dynamic Hypertext Markup language i.e., Dynamic HTML . Dynamic HTML is not a markup or programming language but it is a term that combines the features of various web development technologies for creating the web pages dynamic and interactive. The DHTML application was introduced by Microsoft with the release of the 4 th version of IE (Internet Explorer) in 1997.
Components of Dynamic HTML 39 DHTML consists of the following four components or languages : HTML 4.0 CSS JavaScript DOM. HTML 4.0 HTML is a client-side markup language, which is a core component of the DHTML. It defines the structure of a web page with various defined basic elements or tags. CSS CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet, which allows the web users or developers for controlling the style and layout of the HTML elements on the web pages.
Cont …. 40 JavaScript JavaScript is a scripting language which is done on a client-side. The various browser supports JavaScript technology. DHTML uses the JavaScript technology for accessing, controlling, and manipulating the HTML elements. The statements in JavaScript are the commands which tell the browser for performing an action. DOM DOM is the document object model. It is a w3c standard, which is a standard interface of programming for HTML. It is mainly used for defining the objects and properties of all elements in HTML.
Uses of DHTML 41 Following are the uses of DHTML (Dynamic HTML): It is used for designing the animated and interactive web pages that are developed in real-time. DHTML helps users by animating the text and images in their documents. It allows the authors for adding the effects on their pages. It also allows the page authors for including the drop-down menus or rollover buttons. This term is also used to create various browser-based action games. It is also used to add the ticker on various websites, which needs to refresh their content automatically.
Features of DHTML 42 Following are the various characteristics or features of DHTML (Dynamic HTML): Its simplest and main feature is that we can create the web page dynamically. Dynamic Style is a feature, that allows the users to alter the font, size, color, and content of a web page. It provides the facility for using the events, methods, and properties. And, also provides the feature of code reusability. It also provides the feature in browsers for data binding. Using DHTML, users can easily create dynamic fonts for their web sites or web pages. With the help of DHTML, users can easily change the tags and their properties. The web page functionality is enhanced because the DHTML uses low-bandwidth effect.
Difference between HTML and DHTML 43
Thank you 44
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