Human Behavior and it's determinants.pptx

What is human behaviour and it's major determinants. How husman behaviour develop.

1. Human Behavior Lecture : 2 By Saima Omar

2. Introduction Definition: Human behaviour refers to the range of actions, interactions, and responses—conscious or unconscious—that individuals or groups exhibit in different contexts. It is shaped by both nature (biological inheritance) and nurture (social and cultural learning).

3. Determinants of Human Behaviour a) Biological Factors Genetics, brain structure, hormones, and evolutionary adaptations influence behaviour. Example: Fight-or-flight responses, mating behaviours, kinship bonding. b) Psychological Factors Personality, cognition, motivation, and emotions. Example: Curiosity driving innovation; fear regulating risk-taking. c) Social Factors Family, peer groups, institutions, and social roles shape behaviour. Example: Gender roles defining expected behaviour in many societies.

4. Determinants of Human Behavior d) Cultural Factors Learned norms, values, beliefs, and traditions influence how people act. Example: Greeting customs differ across cultures (handshake vs. bow). e) Environmental Factors Climate, geography, technology, and socio-economic conditions. Example: Cooperative irrigation systems in arid regions foster collective behaviour.

5. Key Anthropological Concepts in Human Behaviour Enculturation – How individuals learn behaviour appropriate to their culture. Socialization – Internalization of societal norms and values. Symbolic Behaviour – Use of language, rituals, and art to convey meaning. Deviance and Conformity – Behaviours that either follow or violate social norms. Agency vs. Structure – Individuals’ ability to act independently vs. the constraints imposed by social systems.

6. Patterns of Human Behaviour Cooperation vs. Competition: Balancing group survival and individual advantage. Altruism and Reciprocity: Helping behaviours often tied to kinship or social bonds. Conflict and Aggression: Linked to resource competition, power struggles, or identity defence. Adaptation: Behavioural flexibility to survive in changing environments (cultural and biological).

7. Human Behaviour Across Contexts Everyday Life: Manners, speech, routines. Rituals and Religion: Collective expressions of belief (marriages, funerals, festivals). Economic Behaviour: Work patterns, trade, consumption habits. Political Behaviour: Leadership, resistance, cooperation with authority. Globalized Behaviour: Hybrid identities, online socialization, consumer culture.

8. And when he attained his age of full strength, We granted him judgment and knowledge. And thus do We reward the doers of good.  (Al Quran 12:23 Thank You