Human Development Index (HDI) in Nepal

Lesson 1.2 (ten social)

1. Lesson1.2 Human Development Index 4/25/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/13 1

2. What is HDI? Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite indicator of development expressed in the figures between 0 and 1 calculated on the basis of literacy rate and schooling years, per capita income and life expectancy. The index used in showing the all-round development of a nation is HDI. Human Developmen t Index is an indicator to represent the all round development of a nation. 4/25/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/13 2

3. Development Indicators Development can be measured and compared. An idea of how far an area or a country has developed can be found by measuring different quantities. A simple indicator is the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) , which is the value of all goods and services produced and provided in a year. This indicates the wealth of a country, but it does not show how far the people are living healthy, knowledgeable lives. For this, many other indicators could be used, such as number of houses with good drinking water, percentage of population with secondary education, or levels of employment. Each indicator may be useful for a particular purpose. Study the income level of some selected countries of the world in the table below. See how high or low a country’s economic level is when compared to the world average (16,214 US$). 4/25/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/13 3

4. GDP Per Capita Income, (PPP) of 20 Selected Countries GDP 4/25/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/13 4

5. Human Development Index (HDI) HDI measures an overall development level of a particular geographical area, community, etc. It is expressed in a number between 0 and 1 that is calculated on the basis of life expectancy, adult literacy, school enrolment and per capita income (that is GBI divided by the total population of the country). Thus HDI provides a composite measure of three vital socio-economic aspects of human development listed below: Health Condition (measured by life expectancy) Educational level (measured by average years of schooling, etc) Earning status (measured by per capita income) 4/25/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/13 5

6. HDI … HDI is measured for the whole population, but women’s development is often much lower than men’s. So their development is measured separately. The indicator to measure the socio-economic development of women only is called the Gender-related Development Index (GDI). The Gender-related Development Index (GDI) is also a number between 0 and 1. A high GDI value means men and women have similar development. A small value shows that women’s development is lagging behind. GDI falls when the development levels of both women and men in a country go down or when the inequality between their levels goes up. Similarly HDI is kept low by poor level of women’s development because this composite indicator is average for both men’s and women’s development. 4/25/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/13 6

7. Human Development Index (HDI) Human Development Index (HDI) of 20 Selected Countries Life Expectancy of 20 Selected Countries 4/25/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/13 7

8. Purpose of measuring Human Development Index (HDI) Every time we need to know what progress our country is making. We also have to know how we compare to other countries in terms of development and what changes there are in our country from year to year. Besides, we all need goals and a way of seeing if we are going in the right direction. If we know in time that our developmental process is faulty, we can make necessary changes for correction. The concept of HDI was introduced and adopted by the UN since per capita income (PCI) alone could not express the actual development of a nation (PCI being the indicator to notify only the economic prosperity that too the average one!) 4/25/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/13 8

9. Purpose … Measurement of HDI is fruitful to improve human condition by setting goals for developing various dimensions of a nation. It also helps to compare a country’s status with that of another and bring out correction if the development process is faulty. It can be calculated on a formula as developed by the UN which was updated slightly in 2010 AD. Method of calculating HDI 4/25/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/13 9

10. Importance of HDI Click here to see 4/25/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/13 10

11. HDI & GDI HDI GDI 1. It’s human development Index and measures development of both males and female population 1. It’s gender-related development index and measures the development of female population only. 2. It is influenced by the development activities of both males and females equally. 2. It has no effect of males as it’s specific to women development. 3. In most countries of the world HDI is often much higher than GDI. 3. In very few countries only such as Sweden GDI is found to be higher than HDI. 4. HDI is non-sexist. It’s an average value for both genders. (sexes) 4. GDI is more specific to female gender (sex) as it excluded male. 4/25/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/13 11

12. Homework Analytical Questions: Write the reasons why Nepal’s Human Development status is not up to the mark. Discuss the probable reasons. 4/25/2019 Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2076/01/13 12

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