HUMAN IMMUNO DEFECIENCY VIRUS AND AIDS.pptx

HIV

1. HIV AND AIDS/ CANCER By: B s CN ogol

2. Lecture overview HIV/AIDS basics and latest statistics Modes of transmission and high-risk behaviors Stages of infection and associated symptoms Testing, diagnosis, and treatment options HIV-related cancers and mental health issues Prevention strategies, including PrEP and PEP Addressing stigma and discrimination Special considerations for key populations Palliative care and case management Occupational safety and human rights considerations

3. HIV It is a RNA virus which replicates in actively dividing T4 lymphocytes. Unique ability to destroy t4 helper cells Reservoir- once a person gets infected virus remains in his body lifelong. And the person is a symptomless carrier for years before the symptoms actually appear.

4. AIDS Acquired immuno -deficiency syndrome Fatal illness Caused by a retrovirus HIV It breaks down the body's immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life threatening opportunistic infections, neurological disorders or unusual malignancies.

5. Epidemiology Males>females Occurs in all ages and ethnic groups All areas of the country are affected Aids is now the second leading cause of death for all men Aged 25-44 years (Unintended injuries is #1 and heart disease is #3 for thisage group)

6. Host Age- most cases are among sexually active people aged between age 20- 49 years. High risk groups- male homosexuals, hetero sexual partners, I.V. Drug abusers, blood transfusion recipients, haemophiliacs and patients having STDs. HIV enters the bloodstream through: Open Cuts, Breaks in the skin, Mucous membranes and Direct injection. Stages of HIV infection: Acute HIV infection : occurs 3-6 weeks after infection. Symptoms include flu-like illness, fever, headache, and rash. HIV multiplies rapidly and spreads, attacking CD4 cells. Chronic hiv infection : lasts years without symptoms. The virus remains active and transmissible. Aids : the final stage. HIV levels surge, destroying CD4 cells, impairing the immune system, and increasing disease risk. Symptoms include weight loss, fatigue, and opportunistic infections.

7. RISK AND CAUSES

8. DIAGNOSIS HIV antibody test – using different antigen &/ or with different principle of the test Viral antigen test - used for screening blood donors Detection of viral nucleic acid in blood. Determining the cd4 counts to assess the disease progression. Testing - ICTC (integrated counseling & testing centre ) is done in; district hospitals, medical colleges, free hiv testing, confidential counseling and referral to nearest art (anti retroviral therapy) Centre .

9. PREVENTION

10. PHARMACOTHERAPY

11. PREVENTION Avoid multiple partners – use condoms. Use sterile needles each time for injection Never share needles Avoid unnecessary blood transfusions All pregnant women should be tested for HIV Use standard work precautions – hand hygiene, personal protective gear. Proper disposal of biomedical waste. Immunization against HPV Health Education

12. Occupational Exposure A HCW comes in contact with potentially infectious body Fluids due to: A percutaneous injury ( needle stick, cut with sharp object) Contact with mucous membrane Contact with non intact skin (abraded, chapped, Dermatitis )

13. Exposure and management

14. PEP Post exposure prophylaxis It should be started as early as possible (within 72 hours) ARV is given for 4 weeks (28 DAYS) HIV testing should be done at baseline, 6wks, 3mths & 6mths Question? Which is the regimen for pep in Kenya?