human placenta and its anomalies

to know more about the human placenta and its anomalies with photos and video to illustrate more and more about this temporary organ

1. The placenta

2. by Jasmine H anfy Amer

3. Definition placenta is a temporary organ joining the mother and fetus for nutritional and excretory needs in a rapidly growing fetus , expelled during the birth process with the fetal membranes .

4. Function The placenta serves as an interface between the mother and the developing fetus and has three main jobs : Attach the fetus to the uterine wall. Provide nutrients to the fetus. Allow the fetus to transfer waste products to the mother's blood.

5. Structure

6. Development Implantation and early placentation Implantation and lacunar period Transition from the lacunar period to the primitive villous tree Development of the uteroplacental and umbilicoplacental vascular beds

7. Mechanisms of Transfer Across the Human Placenta.

8. To understand more let ’ s watch the following video

9. Abnormalities Abnormalities of the position Abnormalities of the shape Abnormal placental invasion Anomalies in weight

10. Abnormalities of the position Normally implantation and the formation of placenta take place in the upper posterior part of the uterus. When it is present in the lower uterine segment the condition is called placenta previa . It can lead to severe antepartum haemorrahage and difficulty in delivery.

11. Various types or degrees of the placenta previa are shown in the figure :

12. Abnormalities of the shape Lobed placenta ( P. bipartate or P . tripartate ) : Placenta is divided into 2 or 3 lobes. Each lobe has separate branch from umbilical vessel .

13. Placenta succenturiata : The placenta has a large main lobe and one or two small lobes.

14. Placenta fenestrate : when the placenta has fenestration or window

15. Marginal or battledore placenta : In this type the umbilical cord is attached to the margin of the placenta.

16. Abnormal placental invasion These clinically important placental abnormalities develop when trophoblast invades the myometrium to varying depths to cause abnormal adherence. They are much more likely when there is placenta previa or when the placenta implants over a prior uterine incision or perforation Placenta Accreta : chorionic villi attach to the myometrium Placenta Increta : chorionic villi invade into the myometrium Placenta Percreta : chorionic villi penetrate through the myometrium to reach the uterine serosa

17. Anomalies in weight Small -weight placenta with maternal hypertension Large -weight placenta with maternal diabetes

18. References Gardosi J, Kady SM, McGeown P, Francis A, Tonks A: Classification of stillbirth by relevant condition at death ( ReCoDe ): population based cohort study. British Medical Journal. 2005, 331: 1113-1117. 10.1136/bmj.38629.587639.7C. https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-placenta-and-the-fetus-structure-and-function.html

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