Human poverty index

Human poverty index

1. HUMAN POVERTY INDEX

2. The Human Development Report 1997 Introduced the concept of Human P overty Index (HPI) a)longevity b)knowledge c)standard of living Two indices HPI-1 and HPI-2 HPI -1: Measures poverty in developing countries . HPI-2:measures poverty in OECD developed economies .

3. COMPONENTS HPI-1 HPI-2 Longevity P of not surviving to the age of 40 P at birth not surviving to the age of 60 Knowledge Looking at the adult literacy rate. % of adult lacking literacy skill Standard of living % of the population not using an improved water and children under weight for their age Measure % of the population living below the poverty line .

4. MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY INDEX

5. MPI HDR 2010 introduced the concept of MPI to replace HPI. MPI identifies multiple deprivation at the household & individual level in health , education and standard of living . The formula to MPI is: MPI=H x A

6. The MPI is the of multidimensional deprivation (a headcount of those in multidimensional poverty) and its intensity (the average deprivation score experienced by poor people). It can be used to create a comprehensive picture of people living in poverty, and permits comparisons both across countries, regions and the world and within countries by ethnic group, urban or rural location, as well as other key household and community characteristics. The MPI offers a valuable complement to income-based poverty measures.

7. Dimensions of Poverty Indicator Deprived if living in the household where… Weight Health Nutrition An adult under 70 years of age or a child is undernourished. 1/6 Child mortality Any child has died in the family in the five-year period preceding the survey. 1/6 Education Years of schooling No household member aged 10 years or older has completed six years of schooling. 1/6 School attendance Any school-aged child is not attending school up to the age at which he/she would complete class 8. 1/6

8. Standard of living Cooking Fuel The household cooks with dung, wood, charcoal or coal. 1/18 Sanitation The household’s sanitation facility is not improved (according to SDG guidelines) or it is improved but shared with other households. 1/18 Drinking Water The household does not have access to improved drinking water (according to SDG guidelines) or safe drinking water is at least a 30-minute walk from home, round trip. 1/18 Electricity The household has no electricity. 1/18 Housing Housing materials for at least one of roof, walls and floor are inadequate: the floor is of natural materials and/or the roof and/or walls are of natural or rudimentary materials. 1/18 Assets The household does not own more than one of these assets: radio, TV, telephone, computer, animal cart, bicycle, motorbike or refrigerator, and does not own a car or truck. 1/18

9. GENDER DEVELOPMENT INDEX (GDI)

10. GDI measures gender gaps between male and female by accounting for disparities in 3 basic dimensions of human development. Health Knowledge Living standards GDI is a direct measure of gender gap showing female HDI as a percentage of male HDI .

11. GDI shows how much women are lagging behind their male counterpart and how much women need to catch up within each dimension of human development .