Chapter 7: Selecting Human Resources
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avoid knowingly hiring or retaining illegal workers. I-9s should be completed, updated,
and audited. Some companies are even using paperless I-9 systems to better manage
employment eligibility verification because electronic processing reduces errors,
incompleteness, and illegibility and improves the overall management of
documentation.
III. Selection Testing
Literacy tests, skill-based tests, psychological measurement tests, and honesty tests are
used to assess various individual factors that are important for the work to be performed.
However, selection tests must be evaluated extensively before being utilized as a recruiting
tool. The development of the test items should be linked to a thorough job analysis. Initial
testing of the items should include an evaluation by knowledge experts, and statistical and
validity assessments of the items should be conducted. Furthermore, adequate security of
the testing instruments should be coordinated, and the monetary value of these tests to the
firm should be determined. Figure 7-5 provides a summary of the specific issues that need
to be documented when creating pre-employment tests.
A. Ability Tests
Tests that assess an individual’s ability to perform in a specific manner are grouped as
ability tests. These are sometimes further differentiated into aptitude tests and
achievement tests. Cognitive ability tests measure an individual’s thinking, memory,
reasoning, verbal, and mathematical abilities. Valid tests such as the Wonderlic
Personnel Test and the General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) can be used to determine
applicants’ basic knowledge of terminology and concepts, word fluency, spatial
orientation, comprehension and retention span, general and mental ability, and
conceptual reasoning.
Physical ability tests measure individual’s abilities such as strength, endurance, and
muscular movement. For example, at an electric utility, testing of applicants’ mobility,
strength, and other physical attributes is job related. Some physical ability tests measure
such areas as range of motion, strength and posture, and cardiovascular fitness. Some
companies are even using the Body Mass Index (BMI) measure as part of physical
exams to determine generalized fitness for duty. However, using BMI to determine
fitness can violate requirements of the 2008 ADA Amendments Act, which treats
obesity as a protected characteristic. Care should also be taken to limit physical ability
testing until after a conditional job offer is made to avoid violating provisions of the
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
Different skill-based tests can be used, including psychomotor tests, which measure a