human respiratory system.pptx human respiratory system.pptx

human respiratory system.pptx

1. The human gas exchange system and breathing Breathing and respiration

2. I can describe how humans breathe, including the roles of different parts of the gas exchange system.

3. gas exchange system inhalation exhalation pressure volume

4. The human gas exchange system is a group of organs that work together to enable us to breathe. The molecules of a gas in a container collide with the walls of the container and this creates pressure . The volume of a gas is the amount of 3D space it fills. Breathing in is called inhalation . Breathing out is called exhalation .

5. The gas exchange system Pressure, volume and breathing The human gas exchange system and breathing

6. Humans, other animals, plants and fungi need oxygen from the air to stay alive. The gas exchange system Humans and some other animals breathe to take in oxygen from the air. But not all organisms breathe. They need oxygen for cellular respiration in mitochondria, in their cells.

7. The gas exchange system Breathing involves the lungs. When we breathe, air is moved in and out of the lungs. However, it isn’t just the lungs that are involved in breathing! lungs air

8. The gas exchange system lungs a pair of organs in humans and some other animals diaphragm a sheet of muscle underneath the lungs which contracts and relaxes to help move air in and out of the lungs Many parts of our gas exchange system work together to enable us to breathe. form a passageway for air to move in and out of the lungs trachea nose and mouth

9. Which structure is not part of the human gas exchange system? The gas exchange system diaphragm heart lungs trachea

10. The gas exchange system When we breathe in, air flows through the following structures: nose and mouth trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs)

11. Label the diagram. The gas exchange system __________ B. __________ C. __________ E. __________ D. __________ trachea bronchioles alveoli bronchi E. diaphragm

12. Starting with the mouth, sort these structures into the order that air passes through them when we breathe in. alveoli bronchioles trachea bronchi mouth The gas exchange system mouth trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli

13. Describe the journey of an oxygen molecule from the mouth to an alveolus (tiny air sac) in the lungs. The gas exchange system

14. The gas exchange system The oxygen molecule moves from the mouth into a tube called the trachea. Then it moves into one of two narrower tubes called bronchi. After this, it moves into an even narrower tube called a bronchiole. Then the oxygen molecule moves into an alveolus, which is a tiny air sac in the lungs. Describe the journey of an oxygen molecule from the mouth to an alveolus (tiny air sac) in the lungs.

15. The gas exchange system Pressure, volume and breathing The human gas exchange system and breathing

16. Pressure, volume and breathing To understand how breathing occurs, we need to think about pressure and volume . Imagine a box filled with oxygen gas. oxygen molecule The oxygen molecules in the box move around randomly. They collide with the walls of the box, and this creates pressure .

17. Pressure, volume and breathing Box B has a larger volume than Box A, but contains the same amount of oxygen gas. oxygen molecule B A In Box B, the molecules have more space to move around so collide with the walls less often. So the pressure inside the box is lower.

18. Which box has the largest volume? Pressure, volume and breathing oxygen molecules

19. Which box has the highest pressure? Pressure, volume and breathing Oxygen molecules

20. If air can move into and out of a container, it will: Pressure, volume and breathing move in when the pressure inside is lower move out when the pressure inside is higher . air moves in volume increases pressure decreases pull up air moves out volume decreases pressure increases push down syringe

21. Pressure, volume and breathing ribs rib bones form a structure called the ribcage around the lungs intercostal muscles muscles between the ribs, which can contract and relax When we breathe, muscles and bones move to change the volume and pressure inside the chest.

22. Pressure, volume and breathing Breathing in is called inhalation . The intercostal muscles contract, which pulls the ribcage upwards and outwards. The diaphragm contracts and flattens. volume increases pressure decreases air moves in

23. Pressure, volume and breathing Breathing out is called exhalation . The intercostal muscles relax, and the ribcage moves downwards and inwards. The diaphragm relaxes and curves up. volume decreases pressure increases air moves out

24. Sort these statements about inhalation into the correct order. The first one has been done for you: The intercostal muscles contract. The diaphragm also contracts and flattens. This decreases the pressure in the lungs. This pulls the rib cage up and out. Air is drawn into the lungs. The volume of the lungs increases. Pressure, volume and breathing

25. Sort these statements about inhalation into the correct order. The first one has been done for you: The intercostal muscles contract. This pulls the rib cage up and out. The diaphragm also contracts and flattens. The volume of the lungs increases. This decreases the pressure in the lungs. Air is drawn into the lungs. Pressure, volume and breathing

26. Pressure, volume and breathing This apparatus is a model of the changes that occur in the chest during inhalation and exhalation. bell jar represents the ribcage balloons represent the lungs rubber sheet represents the diaphragm

27. Pressure, volume and breathing The rubber sheet is pulled down This represents the diaphragm contracting This increases the volume, and decreases the pressure The balloons inflate This represents air moving into the lungs Inhalation The rubber sheet is pushed up This represents the diaphragm relaxing This decreases the volume, and increases the pressure The balloons deflate This represents air moving out of the lungs Exhalation

28. What does the rubber sheet represent in the bell jar model of breathing? Pressure, volume and breathing Diaphragm Lungs Ribs

29. Describe the similarities and differences between breathing in humans and the bell jar model of breathing. Pressure, volume and breathing

30. Pressure, volume and breathing Similarities The rubber sheet is pushed up, which is similar to how the diaphragm curves up during exhalation. The balloons inflate and deflate, which is similar to how air moves into and out of the lungs as the volume and pressure in the chest change. Differences There is nothing to represent the intercostal muscles in the bell jar model. The bell jar doesn’t move, but the ribcage is pulled upwards and outwards during inhalation and then moves downwards and inwards during exhalation. Describe the similarities and differences between breathing in humans and the bell jar model of breathing.

31. The human gas exchange system and breathing Many parts of the human gas exchange system work together to enable us to breathe. Muscles in the gas exchange system contract and relax, which changes the volume and pressure inside the chest. This causes air to move into the lungs (inhalation) and out of the lungs (exhalation). ribs intercostal muscles diaphragm air