HVAC - Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

Understand the importance of HVAC

1. HVAC
HEATING, VENTILATING ANG AIRCONDITIONING

2. 2.0 HVAC
2.1.3 Air-Conditioning
Standards
1.Cooling and De-humidifying
for summer cooling, temperatures of 68
deg to 74 deg F and 50% relative
humidity.
2. Heating and Humidifying
for winter cooling, temperatures of 70 deg
to 75 deg F and relative humidity of 30%
to 35% are found most satisfactory.
3. Air Motion
air velocity should average 4.57 to 7.6
meters per min measured 36” above the
floor.
4. Air Supply
a. 5 cuft to 7-1/2 cuft of air per minute per
person (5-71/2 cuft/min/pers). In rooms
where smoking is not allowed
b.25 cuft to 40 cuft of air per minute per
person allowed in rooms where smoking
is permitted.
2.1 General
2.1.1 Definition of Air-
Conditioning
the simultaneous control of the
temperature, humidity, motion and
purity of the air in a confined space.
2.1.2 Functions or
Elements of Air-
Conditioning
1. Cooling and de-humidifying of air
2. Heating or humidifying of air
3. Cleaning of air or filtration
4. Circulation of air
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

3. 2.0 HVAC
3. Passing the air through coils
containing the refrigerant
4. Passing the air through a
combination of sprays and coils
2.1.4 Methods of Cooling
and De-humidifying
1. Passing the air through a spray of
cold water
2. Passing the air through coils
containing cold water
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

4. 2.0 HVAC
2.2 Refrigeration Cycle
1.Freon* is a gas at normal
temperature and pressure.
2. At the same high pressure, the vapor is
piped into condenser coils where it is
cooled by water.
3. In the evaporator, the pressure is
relieved by the suction stroke of the
compressor.
*Freon -refrigerant used for cooling.
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

5. 2.0 HVAC
1. Window Type Air Conditioning
System
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning Systems

6. 2.0 HVAC
2. Split Type Air Conditioning
System
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
ACCU
AHU
EVAPORATOR
COMP.
CONDENSER
FCU
(FAN COIL
UNIT)
ACCU
(AIR CONDITIONING
CONDENSING UNIT)

7. Types of split-type air-conditioning
1. STANDING UNIT
2. WALL-MOUNTED

8. 3. CEILING MOUNTED
4. CASSETTE TYPE

9. 2.0 HVAC
3. Central Systems
All-Season Centralized Air
Conditioning Systemconsists of
the following:
a. A method of cooling,
a refrigeration plant
b. A source of heating
such as a boiler or
furnace
c. An Air Handling Unit
(AHU) equipped with
filters, pre-heater,
spray, cooling coils
and re-heater
d. The air distributing
equipment composed
of ducts, fans and air
outlets
e. The necessary
manual or automatic
controls
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

10. 2.0 HVAC
2. Condensers
a) Air-cooled Condensers
used in unit and packaged-type air-
conditioners up to 3 tons
refrigeration.
b) Water-cooled Condensers
Double-piped Condensers:
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.4.1 The Refrigeration
Plant
1. Compressors
a) Piston Type or Reciprocating
Compressors
for tonnages up to 100 tons
b) Centrifugal Compressors
these are quieter, have fewer
vibration problems, require less
maintenance and with better
operating control
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

11. 2.0 HVAC
3. Evaporators
a) Shell and Tube Heat
Exchanger
similar in operation to the shell and
tube condenser.
b) Direct Expansion Coils (coils
containing the refrigerant itself)
This may either be installed in the
spray chamber so that the water
sprayed into the air comes into
contact with the cooling coils
Evaporative Condenser:
Shell and Tube Condensers:
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

12. 2.0 HVAC
2.4.4 Air Cleaning
Equipment
1. Filters
2.4.2 Cooling and De-
humidifying
Equipment
1. Water Sprays
2. Cooling Coils
2.4.3 Heating and
Humidifying
Equipment
1. Tempering Coils
contains steam and are used
to heating the air ie.,
preheaters and reheaters.
2. Water Heaters
used for heating the water
which will be used in the
spray chamber to add heat
and humidity to the air
a) Dry Filters
consist of wire frames
enclosing felt, cotton or
sponge through which
the air is screened.
b) Viscous Filters
consist of metal
deflecting plates or
screens coated with
viscous oil.
c) Water Sprays
d) Eliminator Plates
consist of corrugated
galvanized iron sheets
placed 1-1/8” apart
which deflect the air flow
about 30 deg catching
the wet dust on the
surfaces
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

13. 2.0 HVAC
2.4.5 Air
Distribution
Equipment
1.Ducts
*Aspect Ratio–the ratio
of the long side to short
side; not to exceed 5:1
although 4 or 3:1 is
preferred.
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

14. 2.0 HVAC
2. Fans
a) Centrifugal fans (radial fans)
these are intended for moving air at
comparatively high pressures and
are commonly used in duct systems.
b) Propeller or axial fans
commonly used for wall exhausts
3. Air Outlets
these are made for two locations:
wall and ceiling.
a) Wall outlets include the
following:
Vaned outlets
Perforated grills
b) Ceiling outlets include the
following types:
Plaques
Perforated panels
Perforated ceilings
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

15. 2.0 HVAC
2. Actuating or Operating
Devices
a) Dampers
These control the flow of air and are
in the form of louvers.
b) Control Valves
These are valves with variable
orifices which are moved by motors
to present smaller or larger
openings as directed by a
thermostat.
c) Relays
These are devices that use electrical
energy to amplify or convert the
power of a thermostat
2.4.6 Control Equipment
1. Sensing Devices
a) Humidistat
or Hygrostat is a controller, sensitive
to the amount of humidity in the air.
b) Thermostat
a controller which responds to
changes in temperature.
c) Pressure Regulators
are instruments sensitive to changes
in pressure.
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

16. 2.0 HVAC
TYPE OF
SYSTEM
HEATING
MEDIUM
HEATING
DEVICE
METHOD
OF AIR
HANDLING
METHOD OF
DISTRIBUTION
1. Mechanical
Warm Air
Heating System
Air Furnace Ducts Registers
2. Steam Heating
System
Steam Boiler Pipes Radiators
3. Hot Water
Heating System
Water Water
Heater
Pipes Radiators
4. Radiant Panel
Heating System
1. Water
2. Air
3. Electricity
Water Heater
Furnace
Elec Heater
Pipes
Ducts
Wires
Ceiling or Floor
Ceiling
Ceiling
2.5 Heating Systems
2.5.1 Types of Heating
Systems
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

17. 2.0 HVAC
2.5.2 Mechanical Warm Air
Heating System
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

18. 2.0 HVAC
2.5.2 Steam Heating
System
2. Vacuum System (Two-pipe
Steam Heating System)
1. Air-Vent System (One-Pipe
Gravity System)
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

19. 2.0 HVAC
2. Two-Pipe Hot Water Heating
System
1. One-Pipe Hot Water Heating
System
2.5.4 Hot Water Heating
System
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

20. 2.0 HVAC
2.5.5 Radiant Panel
Heating System
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC

21. 2.0 HVAC
Refrigeration and Air-
Conditioning
2.1 General
2.2 Refrigeration
Cycle
2.3 Types of Air-
Conditioning
Systems
2.4 Air-Conditioning
Equipment
2.5 Heating
Systems
2.6 Provisions in
the NBC
Concerning HVAC
Three types:
1.Window Type
2.Split type
3.Centralize AC

22. 2.0 HVAC

23. 2.0 HVAC

24. 2.0 HVAC

25. 2.0 HVAC
refrigeration

26. END
HEATING,
VENTILATION AND
AIR-CONDITIONING