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1. HVAC SYSTEMS :
ENSURING COMFORT &
EFFICIENCY
MD MURSHID ALAM
GCH CENTURY

2. WHAT IS A HVAC
SYSTEM?
HVAC stands forHeating,
Ventilation , & Air Conditioning.
Key components of an HVAC system
typically include:
1.Heating unit ( e.g., boiler, heat
pump)
2.Cooling unit (e.g., chiller)
3.Ventilation system (ductwork,
& fans)
4.Filtration devices

3. INTRODUCTION
●OVERVIEW OF HVAC SYSTEM
●SIGNIFICANCE IN MODERN BUILDING

4. OVERVIEWOF HVAC SYSTEMS
FUNCTIONS DIFFERENT TYPES
HVAC Systems handle three main
tasks: heating, ventilation, and
air conditioning. Heating
systems provide warmth during
colder months, ventilation
ensures fresh air circulation, and
air conditioning cools spaces
during hot weather.
Different HVAC systems suit
various project needs. Split
systemsare common for
residential use, while ductless
mini-splitswork well in retrofits.
Packaged or central systemsare
ideal for larger commercial
projects, based on size and energy
needs.
Energy efficiency is key in
modern HVAC design. HighSEER
or AFUErated units, smart
thermostats, advanced controls,
and regular maintenance lower
operating costs and reduce the
environmental impact of projects.
EFFICIENCY

5. COMPLIANCE & SUSTAINABILITY
SIGNIFICANCEOF HVAC IN MODERN BUILDINGS
HVAC systems maintain consistent
temperature, air quality, and humidity,
enhancing comfort and productivity.
Proper ventilation prevents contaminants,
fostering healthier and more comfortable
environments.
Advanced HVAC technologies reduce
energy consumption through smart
controls, variable speed systems, and heat
recovery solutions. This leads to
significant operational cost savings and
sustainable building performance.
Modern HVAC designs ensure compliance
with local and international building codes,
including LEED and ASHRAE standards. They
contribute to reducing the building's carbon
footprint by integrating energy-efficient
equipment and eco-friendly refrigerants.
IoT, AI, and smart sensors enable real-time
monitoring and predictive maintenance,
optimizing HVAC performance. These
innovations allow for automated energy
management, improved system diagnostics,
and reduced downtime.
OPTIMAL INDOOR ENVIRONMENT EFFICIENCY & COST SAVING
ADVANCED INNOVATION

6. CHILLERSIN HVAC SYSTEM
Definition
Large refrigeration units used
in commercial and industrial
>Cool water or other fluids
for air conditioning or
process cooling
>
Types
>Air-cooled chillers
>Water-cooled chillers
>Absorption chillers
Key Components
> Compressor
> Condenser
> Evaporator
> Expansion valve
Applications
> Industrial processes
> Office buildings
> Hospitals
> Data centers

7. WATER COOLED CHILLER
●Cooling systems that use water to
remove heat.
●Work by cooling water, which then
cools the air in buildings.
●Use a separate cooling tower to
release heat outside.
Advantages :
●More energy-efficient than air-cooled
systems
●Better performance in hot climates
●Longer lifespan
●Can handle larger cooling loads
●Measured by Coefficient of
Performance (COP)

8. AIR COOLEDCHILLER
●Cooling systems that use outside
air to remove heat.
●Work like a refrigerator, but
release heat into the outdoor air.
●Don't need water for cooling, unlike
some other systems.
Advantages :
●Lower initial cost
●Minimal water usage
●Easier installation
●Suitable for areas with water scarcity
●Reduced maintenance

9. ABSORPTIONCHILLER
●Cooling systems that use water to
remove heat.
●Work by cooling water, which then
cools the air in buildings.
●Use a separate cooling tower to
release heat outside.
Advantages :
●More energy-efficient than air-cooled
systems
●Better performance in hot climates
●Longer lifespan
●Can handle larger cooling loads
●Measured by Coefficient of
Performance (COP)

10. KEY COMPONENTS IN CHILLERS
> Dashboard
> Condenser
> Cooling Tower
> Compressor
> Valves Package
> Evaporator

11. DASHBOARD
>Chiller Dashboardsoffer real-time monitoring of chiller performance
metrics, such as temperature, pressure, and flow rates.
>Display energy consumption data to help identify efficiency trends and
cost-saving opportunities.
> Include alerts and notifications for maintenance needs, performance
deviations, or system malfunctions.

12. VALVES PACKAGE
>Chiller Valves Packageincludes essential valves that control refrigerant
flow within the chiller system.
>Common types: expansion valves, service valves, and isolation valves,
each serving specific functions.
> Proper valve operation is crucial for system efficiency, performance, and
longevity.

13. CHILLER COMPRESSOR
>The compressoris the heart of the chiller, responsible for compressing
refrigerant to increase its pressure and temperature.
>Common types include centrifugal, screw, and scrollcompressors, used
based on capacity and efficiency needs
> Compressors enable the refrigeration cycle by moving refrigerant
between the evaporator and condenser.

14. CONDENSER
>The condenseris responsible for releasing heat from the refrigerant to
the outside environment.
>It converts high-pressure refrigerant vapor into a liquid by cooling it with
air (air-cooled condensers) or water (water-cooled condensers).
> Condensers are essential for completing the refrigeration cycle and
maintaining efficient cooling.

15. COOLING TOWER
>Cooling Towersdissipate heat from water-cooled HVAC systems by
transferring waste heat to the atmosphere.
>Warm water from the condenser is cooled through evaporation as it
passes over fill material inside the tower.
> Commonly used in large commercial or industrial systems for heat
rejection.

16. PUMPS
>Pumpsare essential components that circulate water and refrigerants in
HVAC systems
>They ensure efficient movement of chilled or hot water to coils, chillers,
and heating equipment.
> Pumps help maintain consistent pressure and flow rates for optimal
system performance.

17. TYPES OF PUMPS
Primary Pump -CHW Pump
> Circulates chilled water
between the chiller and building
systems to absorb heat and cool
spaces.
> Ensures efficient coolingin
large HVAC systems.
Condenser Pump
> Circulates waterbetween the
cooling tower and chiller
condenser.
> Removes heatfrom the
refrigerant in cooling systems.
> Essential for efficient heat
rejectionin large HVAC systems.
> Key componentin maintaining
temperature control

18. WATERDISTRIBUTION
Definition
> The process of delivering hot
or chilled water from central
equipment (chillers, boilers) to
various parts of a building for
heating or cooling.
Key Components
> Pumps :Maintain water flow and
pressure in the system.
> Valves :Control flow, pressure,
and temperature of water. air.
> Heat Exchangers :Trap dust,
allergens, and other particles.
Importance
> Ensures even heating and
cooling throughout the building.
> Helps maintain comfort and
energy efficiency.
> Minimizes temperature
fluctuations and enhances system
control.

19. PMS-Pump Management System
Definition
> An automated system used to
monitor, control, and optimize the
operation of pumps in HVAC systems.
Key Functions
> Monitoring :Tracks pump performance,
energy consumption, and operational status
> Control :Automates pump start/stop,
adjusts speed, and ensures optimal
performance based on system demand.
air.
> Alarm & Diagnostics :Alerts for
malfunctions, pressure drops, or
inefficiencies, improving maintenance
response.

20. BTU Meter
Key Functions
> Measurement :Calculates the
amount of heat energy
transferred to or from a space.
> Monitoring :Provides real-time
data on energy usage for HVAC
systems.
Components
> Flow Sensor : Measures the flow
rate of water in the system.
> Temperature Sensors :Measure
the inlet and outlet temperatures
of the fluid.
> Flow Sensor : Measures the flow
rate of water in the system.
Definition
> A device that measures the
energy consumption of heating or
cooling systems in terms of British
Thermal Units (BTUs).
>

21. CHEMICAL DOSINGSYSTEM
Definition
> A system used to inject precise
amounts of chemicals into water
in HVAC systems to prevent
scaling, corrosion, and biological
growth.
Key Functions
> Water Treatment :Ensures water
quality by adding chemicals (e.g.,
biocides, corrosion inhibitors).
> Prevention :Protects pipes,
boilers, chillers, and cooling towers
from damage caused by corrosion
or scaling.
Components
> Dosing Pump :Delivers the
chemicals at controlled rates.
> Storage Tanks :Hold the
chemicals before dosing.
> Control Unit :Manages the
dosing process, often based on
feedback from sensors

22. DUCTING SYSTEMS
●Network of ducts that distributes
conditioned air throughout the building
●Made of materials like galvanized steel,
aluminum, or flexible plastic
●Ensures proper air circulation between
AHUs, FCUs, and various zones
●Includes supply ducts (delivering air) and
return ducts (removing air)
●Can be insulated to reduce energy loss
and improve efficiency
●Designed for minimal air leakage and
pressure drops
●Essential for maintaining consistent
temperature and air quality

23. AIR HANDLING UNITS -AHUs
Definition
Why AHUs are Important ?
Air Handling Units (AHUs) are a critical
part of HVAC systems, responsible for
regulating and circulating air
throughout buildings
>Maintain indoor air quality (IAQ).
Provide proper ventilation and air
circulation.
>Control temperature and humidity for
comfort.

24. Air Handling Unit-AHUs
> AHU’s are connected to duct
work which provides a defined
route for the air to travel around
the building.
> In a simple form, an AHU will use a
fan to suck in fresh ambient outside air
which will then pass through
some filters to remove any dirt and
dust.
> It will then pass through the cooling and heating coil heat exchangers
which, as discussed, are typically fed from central plant units.
> Another set of duct work will be collecting the warm used air from the
rooms and will bring this back to the AHU via another fan. This fan will then
eject the air from the AHU and building.

25. KEY COMPONENTS IN AHUs
> EC Fans
> Filters
> Coils
> Dampers
> Humidifier
> UV light

26. ECFAN(Electronically Commutated Fan)
>EC Fanscombine the efficiency of DC motors with the simplicity of AC
power.
>These fans offer precise speed control, lower energy consumption, and
quieter operation compared to traditional fans.
> Widely used in HVAC systems, EC fans enhance energy efficiency, reduce
operating costs, and contribute to sustainable building management.

27. FILTER
>Filtersare essential in HVAC systems to trap dust, allergens, and
contaminants from the air.
>They improve indoor air quality by removing particles before air is
circulated.
> Regular filter maintenance helps maintain system efficiency, extends
equipment life, and ensures a healthy environment for occupants.

28. COIL
> Coilsin HVAC systems are
responsible for heating or cooling
air.
> They transfer heat by
circulating hot or chilled water, or
refrigerant, through the coil pipes.
> Efficient coil performance is
crucial for maintaining desired
indoor temperatures and ensuring
energy-efficient operation of the
system.
>

29. UV LIGHT
> UV Lightsin HVAC systems
help disinfect air by killing
bacteria, viruses, and mold on
coils and other components.
> UV lights emit ultraviolet
radiation that destroys the DNA of
microorganisms like bacteria,
mold, and viruses.
> Installed near coils and drain
pans, UV lights continuously
sanitize surfaces by breaking
down harmful pathogens.
>

30. FAN COIL UNITS -FCUs
●Compact units used for heating or cooling individual spaces.
●Consist of a fan and heating/cooling coil.
●Uses chilled or hot water from central plant.

31. HOW FAN COIL UNITS -FCUs WORK ?
Fan coil units are used to condition the local air to suit the
temperature requirements of the immediate space.

32. CSUs
●Mounted under the ceiling for space-
saving installation
●Provides heating, cooling, and air
distribution in small to medium-sized
spaces
●Typically uses chilled or hot water for
conditioning
●Includes built-in fan and air filter
●Commonly used in commercial spaces,
offices, and retail stores
●Quiet operation with adjustable airflow
for user comfort

33. COSENSOR
>CO Sensorsdetect carbon monoxide (CO) levels in indoor spaces to
ensure safety.
>When CO levels exceed safe limits, the sensor triggers alarms or
ventilation systems to remove contaminated air.

34. JET FAN
>Jet Fansare used in enclosed spaces like parking garages to control air
movement and remove exhaust fumes.
>They work by creating high-velocity airflow, pushing contaminated air
towards exhaust points, ensuring proper ventilation and reducing harmful
gas buildup.

35. VENTILATIONOVERVIEW
Definition
Ventilation is the process of
supplying fresh air to indoor
spaces and removing stale air,
maintaining air quality and comfort.
Key Components
> Supply Air Systems: Deliver fresh
outdoor air.
> Exhaust Air Systems: Remove
stale indoor air.
> Air Filters: Trap dust, allergens,
and other particles.
Importance of Ventilation:
> Removes indoor pollutants
and odors.
> Controls humidity levels,
preventing mold growth.
> Controls humidity levels,
preventing mold growth.

36. CAR PARKING VENTILATION SYSTEM
>Car Parking Ventilation Systemsensure proper air circulation in enclosed
parking areas by removing exhaust fumes and pollutants.
>They maintain air quality, prevent the buildup of harmful gases like carbon
monoxide, and ensure compliance with safety standards.

37. KITCHEN SCRUBBER SYSTEM
>Kitchen Scrubber Systemsremove grease, smoke, and odors from
kitchen exhaust air.
>They filter contaminants before releasing air outdoors, improving air
quality and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations.
>These systems help maintain a cleaner, safer kitchen environment.

38. FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
>Fire Fighting Systemsare critical for detecting, controlling, and
extinguishing fires in buildings. They include fire alarms, sprinkler systems,
fire hydrants, and extinguishers.
>These systems are designed to protect occupants, minimize damage, and
ensure safety by meeting fire code regulations.

39. VAV -Variable Air Volume
> Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systemsare used in HVAC to control airflow
based on demand.
> Unlike constant air volume systems, VAV systems adjust the air supply to
different zones, maintaining desired temperatures more efficiently.
> This reduces energy consumption, improves comfort, and offers precise
temperature control in various building areas.

40. CO2SENSOR
>CO2 Sensorsmonitor carbon dioxide levels in indoor environments.
>They help regulate ventilation systems by ensuring adequate fresh
air is supplied when CO2 concentrations rise, improving indoor air
quality and energy efficiency while maintaining a healthy environment.

41. FRESH AIR FANS
>Fresh Air Fans are designed to bring in outdoor air into the HVAC system,
improving ventilation and indoor air quality.
>They help maintain oxygen levels, dilute indoor pollutants, and control
humidity, ensuring a healthier and more comfortable indoor environment.

42. GRAPHICS

43. CREDITS:This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and
includes icons by Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik
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