hybrid electric vehicles for engineering.ppt

hybrid electric vehicles

1. Hybrid Electrical Vehicle
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Submitted To: Prof. L. M. Saini, Coordinator
Dr. Saurabh Chanana, Member
Dr. Sunita Chauhan, Member
Submitted By: Mayank

2. WHAT IS A HYBRID
VEHICLE?
Any vehicle which combines two or more sources of power.
Examples:
Diesel – electric
Nuclear – electric
Gasoline - electric
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3. HYBRID STRUCTURE
The two power sources found in hybrid
vehicles may be combined in different
ways, either in parallel or series
Either one will allow the gasoline engine to shut down
when it is not needed.
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4. PARALLEL HYBRID
Gasoline motor
Batteries which powers an
electric motor
Both can power the
transmission at the same time
Electric motor supplements
the gasoline engine
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5. SERIES HYBRID
Gasoline motor turns a
generator
Generator may either charge
the batteries or power an
electric motor that drives the
transmission
At low speeds is powered only
by the electric motor
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6. HIGH VOLTAGE
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Power for the electric motor is supplied by high-voltage
nickel-metal hydride battery
Batteries for all hybrids are produced by Panasonic EV
Energy in Japan
Voltage ranges from 144 volts to 650 volts of DC current
High voltage wiring may color coded orange, bright blue
or even yellow
Batteries vary in design, however, all incorporate
individual cells connected to one another
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7. HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS
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8. BATTERIES
Individual cells originally contained liquid potassium
hydroxide
The liquid is almost totally absorbed by the paper
membranes inside each cell of the battery
Because the liquid is absorbed these batteries are
considered “dry cell” batteries
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9. HIGH VOLTAGE
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Batteries are usually located in the rear of the vehicle
under the floor of the trunk or under the rear seat.
The wiring harness from the batteries usually runs
below the floorpan of the vehicle about one foot in from
the driver’s side of the vehicle.
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10. BATTERY RECHARGING
The Ni-MH batteries are recharged through a process
call regenerative braking
Regenerative braking takes energy from the forward
momentum of the vehicle and captures it while coasting
or braking.
Occasionally batteries are recharged by the electric
motor
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11. THE “SILENT” HYBRID
Most gasoline engines in hybrids will shut off when not
needed – i.e. when stopped in traffic
Most hybrids have an indicator light which may alert
individuals to the status of the vehicle
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12. THE “SILENT” HYBRID
When the vehicle is in this silent mode it may “awaken”
without notice
Chocking the wheels is critical to responder safety
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13. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
FIRES
Vehicle fires can be handled following normal vehicle
firefighting procedures
Crews should not be shocked, even if flames are
impinging on the battery pack itself
Virtually all fires involving Ni-MH batteries can be
controlled with water
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14. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
Ni – MH BATTERY PACK PHYSICAL
DAMAGE
High-voltage circuits are color-coded either orange, bright blue
or yellow
Never disassemble or remove the metal cover of the high-
voltage battery pack
DC current is normally isolated from any contact with the
vehicle itself – theoretically in order to receive a shock you
would have to physically contact two separate points within
the high-voltage system at the same time
If the high-voltage cables running under the vehicle were
damaged the high-voltage battery is designed short circuit.
This short circuit would de-energize the entire high-voltage
battery circuit
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15. HYBRID VEHICLES –
CRASH PROCEDURES
Hybrid vehicle identification
Vehicle stabilization
Access to the passenger compartment
Shift gear selector lever (to park)
Turn the key “OFF” and remove it
from the ignition
Check that the “ready” indicator light
is out
Disconnect the 12-volt battery.
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16. KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMS
Convenience of push button start
Systems are designed to deter theft and break-ins
Utilize key fobs which contain a chip with an ID code
that the vehicle must recognize
The key fob must be in the vehicle in order for the car
to start
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17. KEYLESS IGNITION SYSTEMS
What do we do in an emergency?
Place the vehicle in Park and press the start/stop
or power button.
If possible remove the key fob from the interior of
the vehicle – this may be difficult since it may be
in a purse or pants pocket. This will prevent the
car from being powered up if the low voltage
system cannot be secured.
Disconnect the low voltage battery per
department policy.
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18. COMMON MEANS OF
IDENTIFICATION
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19. WHO’S MAKING HYBRIDS
NOW?
Honda
•Accord
•Civic
•Insight
Toyota
•Prius
•Camry
•Highlander
Ford
•Escape
Mazda
•Tribute
Saturn
•Vue
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Lexus
•RX 400h SUV
•GS 450h
•LS 600h L
Mercury
•Mariner SUV
Dodge
•Ram – contractor’s edition
General Motors
•Silverado and Sierra
•Malibu
•Tahoe/Yukon
Nissan
•Altima
•Versa

20. WHAT’S IN STORE FOR THE FUTURE?
Toyota Sienna minivan
Chrysler Aspen
Cadillac Escalade
Dodge Durango
Porsche Cayenne
BMW X6
Hyundai Accent
Mercedes Benz S400
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21. SUMMARY
Due to the proliferation of hybrid vehicles on the road
today, responders must be familiar with how these
vehicles operate, and how to handle an emergency
which involves one of these vehicles.
Additionally, responders must stay up-to-date with current
vehicle technology, as it is continuously changing.
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