Hybrid vehicals

hybrid and electric cars

1. HYBRID VEHICLE PREPARED BY; M Junaid Mushtaq (UET/SCET-13F ME 79) Mechanical Engineering Department Session 2013-17

2. WHAT IS A HYBRID VEHICLE? Any vehicle which combines two or more sources of power. Examples: Diesel – electric Gasoline– CNG Gasoline - electric

3. Need Electric and Hybrid vehicles Over dependence on petrol/diesel Rising petrol/diesel prices Pollution and the resultant global warming Noise in conventional vehicles Need for alternate power sources Need for Eco friendly vehicles Then The solution is EV , HEV

4. Concept of hybridization Multiple sources of power Making ICE work in most efficient range

5. Hybrid Vehicles The term hybrid vehicles in general usage refer to vehicles with two or more different type of sources delivering power to the wheels for propulsion. The most common hybrid vehicles have an IC engine and one or more electric machines for vehicle propulsion. The IC engine can be used to generate electric energy ‘on board’ to power the machines.

6. Classification Based on the path of energy flow Mechanical power transmission path (MPTP) Electrical power transmission path (EPTP) Combination of MPTP and EPTP Based on architecture Series Parallel Series-Parallel

7. Mechanical power transmission path (MPTP) The primary powertrain components in a conventional ICE vehicle are engine and transmission. The energy flow in a vehicle starts from source of energy and ends at wheels with the delivery of propulsion power known as power transmission. Mechanical Power transmission path

8. Electrical power transmission path (EPTP) In electric vehicle power transmission is almost electrical except for coupling devices between electric propulsion motor and wheels. The coupling device can simply be a gear to match electric machine speeds to vehicle speeds . Electric Power transmission path

9. Combination of MPTP and EPTP The propulsion power is transmitted to wheels through either MPTP or EPTP or combination of both. The MPTP is associated with an IC engine and transmission, whereas EPTP consists of energy storage system, a generator, propulsion motor and transmission.

10. Block diagram A hybrid electric vehicle power transmission

11. Series HEV A series hybrid is one in which only one energy converter can provide propulsion power. Only electric motor provides all propulsion power to wheels. A downsized IC engine drives a generator, which supplements batteries and can charge them when it fall below certain charge level. The drawback is size of traction motor, which as to be rated for max. power requirement of vehicle.

12. Block diagram Series HEV powertrain

13. Parallel HEV A parallel hybrid is one in which more than one energy conversion device can deliver propulsion power to the wheels. The IC engine and electric motor are configured in parallel with a mechanical coupling. The power requirements of electric motor is lower than that of series HEV.

14. Block diagram Parallel HEV powertrain

15. Series-Parallel HEV It combines the benefits of series and parallel architecture with charge sustaining capability. The power-split device divides the output from the engine into mechanical and electrical transmission paths. Even IC engine is also used to charge the battery. They are capable of providing continuous high output power compared to series or parallel powertrain.

16. Block diagram Series –Parallel combination HEV

17. IF WE USE ELECTRIC CARS ?

18. Electric vehicles An Electric vehicle is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using electrical energy stored in energy storage device. The primary components are motor, controller, power source, and transmission.

19. Block diagram of electric vehicles An Electric vehicle system

20. Advantages No Gas Required No Emissions Cost Effective Low Maintenance Low noise

21. Disadvantages High Initial Cost- Many times that of conventional vehicles Short Driving Range Recharging takes much longer time than refueling gasoline Battery pack takes space and weight of the vehicle which otherwise is available to the people

22. HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS Power for the electric motor is supplied by high-voltage nickel-metal hydride battery Batteries for all hybrids are produced by Panasonic EV Energy in Japan Voltage ranges from 144 volts to 650 volts of DC current

23. HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

24. Commercial vehicles Toyota Prius Toyota Highlander Ford Escape Mercury Mariner Honda Civic HEV Honda Accord HEV

25. Challenges in hybrid vehicles Time of battery changing is long Batteries are heavy (100kg extra weight consumes 2L/100km more ) Batteries are expensive Low performance in hot or cold temperatures also may damage the battery Very sensitive to overcharge/undercharge(Battery life reduces dramatically )

26. Advantages of a Hybrid Car Environment friendly Financial benefits Less dependence on fossil fuels Regenerative braking system Built from lighter materials

27. Disadvantages of a Hybrid car Less power Expensive Poor handling Higher maintenance cost