Hyderogen Car and its properties and uses

Hydrogen car

1. HYDROGEN CARS By IKRAAM UDDIN AMEER

2. In modern Area the main emphasis is on conserving energy and environment. Everyone has to be very cautious in daily life so as to preserve our resources. The non-conventional energy resources are diminishing and environment is getting polluted. Hence hydrogen can be used as an alternative fuel to preserve both energy and environment. This seminar emphasis on hydrogen as a very useful fuel, hydrogen car, properties of hydrogen and the various reactions of hydrogen. It clearly outlines the concepts and modifications needed so as to use hydrogen as a vehicle fuel. abstract

3. “An old idea whose time has come” Fuel cells invented in 1838 by Swiss scientist Christian Friedrich Schonbein. No pollution emitted. PEM FCs ideal for light-duty vehicles, buildings & much smaller applications. Hydrogen Fuel Cells

4. Fuel cells are similar to batteries, but designed for continuous replenishment of energy via external fuel. Many different types of fuel cells, most common will likely be the PEM FC . Hydrogen and oxygen in, water vapor and liquid water out. Typical output is about 0.8 volts. Hydrogen Fuel Cells

5. On the anode side, hydrogen diffuses to the anode catalyst where it dissociates into protons and electrons . The protons are conducted through the membrane to the cathode, but the electrons are forced to travel in an external circuit (supplying power) because the membrane is electrically insulating.

6. On the cathode catalyst, oxygen molecules react with the electrons (which have travelled through the external circuit) and protons to form water. In this example, the only waste product is water vapor and/or liquid water .

7. Hydrogen Production Almost all of the hydrogen produced in the U.S. today is by steam reforming of natural gas Produce hydrogen directly from new nuclear power reactors? Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Infrastructure

8. R&D into several new methods: Biological Water Splitting Photo electrochemical Water Splitting Reforming of Biomass and Wastes Solar Thermal Water Splitting Renewable Electrolysis The Hydrogen Highway World’s first hydrogen refueling station opened in Iceland in 2003.

9. Hydrogen Sources

10. Cars Buses Space Travel & Exploration Airplanes Submarines Off-grid Power Supply Combined Heat & Power Applications of Fuel Cell Technology

11. Well to Wheel Approach for Fossil Fuels from Refinement to Distribution to Car

12. Well to Wheel Approach for Electricity from Generation via Transmission and Distribution to Car

13. While fuel cells are potentially highly efficient, three major obstacles exist in the development of a fuel cell-powered hydrogen car. The first problem is that hydrogen has a very low density . Even when the fuel is stored as a liquid in a pressurized tank as a gas, the amount of energy that can be stored in the space available is limited. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Issues

14. The second major problem that used to plague hydrogen fuel cells involves the high cost of making reliable fuel cells that would provide electric power in a hydrogen car. The third "problem" is due to the fact that while hydrogen can be used as an energy carrier , it is not an energy source. It still must be produced from fossil fuels , or from some other energy source, with a net loss of energy.

15. Hydrogen gives energy storage Microcab- fuel cell recharges battery Smaller battery HYDROGEN HYBRID CAR BENEFITS OF HYBRID FC vehicle Small fuel cell Lighter + cheaper batteries No deep discharge ; long life Fast refuel

16. MICROCAB & HYDROGEN STATION

17. How does the Microcab compare with other hydrogen vehicles? How do these compare with today’s cars? So, what does all this mean?

18. Fuel economy of major FCVs

19. Electric cars are coming CABLED project is demonstrating Hydrogen cars can solve problems long range rapid refill CONCLUSIONS

20. THANK YOU