HYDROLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER BEARING STRATA

It includes the Hydrological propertiesof water bearing starta and ground water in hydrological cycle

1. GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION Prepared by- Hardi sukhadiya

2. HYDROLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER BEARING STRATA & GROUND WATER IN HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE

3. Hydrological Properties Of Water Bearing Strata Porosity Void ratio Specific yield Permeability Hydraulic conductivity

4. Porosity The ratio of volume of voids to the volume of formation multiplied by 100. Proportion of void space: pore space, cracks, vesicles Gravel : 25-45% (1K - 10K), clay: 45-55%(<.01) Sandstone: 5-30% (0.3 - 3), granite: <1 to 5%(.003 to .00003) Higher porosity in well rounded, equigranular, coarse grained rocks.

5. Void Ratio Ratio of the volume of voids to the volume of soil. = × 100  

6. Specific Yield The specific yield is the actual amount of water that will drain out of saturated soil and rock by gravity flow. It is also called EFFECTIVE POROSITY . = × 100  

7. Permeability Measure of how readily fluid passes through a material. Depends on the size of the pores and how well they are interconnected. Clay has high porosity but low permeability.

8. Hydraulic Conductivity In Darcy law, or K is the hydraulic conductivity or permeability constant. It depends on soil matrix ( porosity, pore size distribution, tortuosity of soil pores ) Water properties ( viscosity, density )    

9. Ground Water In Hydrological Cycle Ground water constitutes one portion of hydrological cycle. Formations of ground water Recharge of ground water Natural ( like precipitation, lake, stream flow) Artificial ( like irrigation, seepage from canal) Discharge of ground water Natural ( like oceans, lakes, streams) Artificial ( like pumpage from wells)

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