Hydrotherapy

use fof water for treatment of illness is hydrotherapy. Lui Khune

1. JALA CHIKISTA

2. HISTORY Greek Physician Hippocrates documented its practice in 5 th century BC . It was referred as ‘the water cure’ Ancient Chinese , Egyptian , Greek and Roman civilization continued to record the medicinal uses of this water cure. As practices changed and evolved, medicinal records continued to reflect the healing benefits.

3. By the 10 th century a Benedictine monk recognized the therapeutic benefits

4. Vincent Priessnitz

5. Sebastian kneipp (19 th century) often referred as father of hydrotherapy, brought the practice to the therapeutic treatments. But according to the latest text books of Swasthvritta mentioned “ Lui kuhne ” as father of Hydrotherapy.

6. HYDRO- THERAPY Hydrotherapy is a method of treating disease by the application of water in various ways and manners and at varying temperatures to the different parts of the body.

7. QUALITIES OF WATER It is universal solvent Abundance and cheap Non toxic and non irritating Can be converted into vapors or solids It touches every parts of body surface

8. MECHANISM OF HYDROTHERAPY WATER Pressure exerts on skin Stimulation of Peripheral nerves carry Impulses deeper level of skin Stimulates immune system Encourages circulation Encourages digestion Encourages blood flow

9. REFLEXOLOGY IN HYDROTHERAPY Circulation of head, chest, urinary and reproductive organs Kidney Blood vessels of head Mucous membrane of nose

10. Heart, lungs, stomach, liver & abdominal organs Genito- urinary organs Prostate and uterus

11. THERMAL MECHANICAL CHEMICAL PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

12. THERMAL EFFECTS Produced by the application water at temperatures above or below that of the body temperatures, here the effect is greater. MECHANICAL EFFECTS Produced by the impact of water upon the surface of the body in the form of sprays, douches, frictions, whirlpools. CHEMICAL EFFECTS P roduced when it is taken by mouth or used to irrigate body cavity, such as large colon.

13. CONDITION In Celsius In Fahrenheit Very cold 0- 1.6 32 to 35 degree F Cold 12.7- 18.3 55 to 65 degree F Cool 18.3- 26.6 65 to 80 degree F Tepid 26.6- 33.3 80 to 92 degree F Warm 35- 36.6 95 to 98 degree F Hot 36.6- 38.8 98 to 102 degree F Very hot 40 and above 104 degree and above TEMPERATURE’s OF WATER

14. EFFECTS OF COLD WATER THERAPY blood vessels of the skin . Redness of the skin. Pulse rate. Respiratory rate. Blood pressure.

15. EFFECTS OF HOT WATER THERAPY Increased superficial circulation . Increased blood supply to muscles. Temporarily increased BP followed by decreased BP. Increased respiratory rate . Promotion of sweating and increased elimination of metabolic waste. Sedation of sensory motor neurons and pain relief . Stimulation of immune system and increased antibody production.

16. METHODS OF HYDROTHERAPY Fomentation Heating compress Full sheet pack Steam baths Full baths Neutral baths Alternating baths Ice pack Exercising in water

17. IMPORTANTS POINTS Easiest and convenient method should be chosen. More than one method should not be done on same day. For chronic cases- repeated every day according to the condition. Diabetics should avoid heat treatments to their legs . Extremely fragile skin, where skin conditions are irritated by moisture. Areas of numbness. Soon after the intake of food.

18. THALASSO THERAPY Thalasso means SEA Therapy which is done by using sea water, beach sand, sea weeds and other substances derived from sea for treatment purpose. Salts of magnesium, iodine, sulphur- given in small quantity for drinking. Potassium- fluid retention Fluorine- balances calcium metabolism. Sea water is diluted with fresh water or juice for palatability. DOSAGE- 1- 2 t.s.p - TID

19. F OOT B ATH (Paada snana) Before entering the bath, the patient should drink cold water and also wet the head, neck and shoulders with cold water. A cold compress should be applied throughout the treatment.

20. Fill the basin with warm water at least deep enough to cover a couple of inches above ankles. The water temperature should be about 103 to 104’ F to begin with, or not too hot for your feet to tolerate it.  Place your hand into the water first to make sure the water is not too hot. Place your feet in the bucket for 10-30 minutes , adding a little more hot water whenever the water seems to cool down.  For the best full-body effect, also wrap your body with a sheet or blanket , allowing the edge to drape over the foot bath basin to keep the hot water vapors close to your body.

21. 6) Add hot water from time to time to increase the temperature gradually warmer throughout the treatment (suggested to about 110' F).  7) Make sure you remove your feet each time before adding more hot water. 8) When you start sweating and start to feel hot, dip a wash cloth into the ice water basin and squeeze it out, apply it to the forehead for every 3-5 minutes as needed.

22. 9) When finished, empty the basin and rinse your feet with cold water for 15-30 seconds.    DURATION: 10- 30 minutes

23. BENEFITS: Promotes circulation throughout the body Boosts the immune system, significantly increases lymph flow. Has neurological soothing effects such as promoting relaxation, relieves fatigue and insomnia. Other effects include; pain relief, relief of headaches, colds, asthma and nasal congestion

24. CONTRA INDICATIONS Diabetes Numbness, loss of sensation or circulation problems in the feet Peripheral vascular disease Swelling in the feet or legs Foot sores or infections Frostbite Pregnancy

25. H AND B ATH HAND BATH FOOT BATH

26. SPINAL BATH (Kati- snana)

27. Patient should lie in spinal bath tub. If whether is cold , blanket can cover the body. For the beginners thick wet pad of folded towel about an inch thickness should placed at the bottom. Inch of an moderately cold water is poured. Gradually water level can be increased upto 4” A folded wet towel can be placed over the chest or belly or on the head. DURATION: 45 minutes

28. INDICATIONS: S oothing effect to the spinal column and thereby influences the central nervous system . N ervous disorders such as hysteria, epilepsy, mental disorders, loss of memory and tension. R elieves vertebral pain in spondylitis and muscular backache. It relieves sciatic pain and gastrointestinal disturbances of gastric origin.

29. ENEMA ( Basti )

30. Also known as rectal irrigation , an enema involves the injection of fluid into the rectum. Only lukewarm water is used for cleaning the bowels. The patient is made to lie on his left side extending his left leg and bending the right leg slightly. The enema nozzle, lubricated with oil or Vaseline, is inserted in the rectum. The enema can containing the lukewarm water is then slowly raised and water is allowed to enter into the rectum

31. . Generally , one to two liters of water is injected. The patient may either lie down on his back or walk a little while retaining the water. After 5 to 10 minutes , the water can be ejected along with the accumulated morbid matter . A warm water enema helps to clean the rectum of accumulated faecal matter. This is not only the safest system for cleaning the bowels, but also improves the peristaltic movement of the bowels and thereby relieves constipation .

32. . A cold water enema is helpful in inflammatory conditions of the colon, especially in cases of Dysentery D iarrhea Ulcerative colitis H emorrhoids and F ever . A hot water enema is beneficial in relieving irritation due to inflammation of the rectum and painful hemorrhoids. It also benefits women in leucorrhoea. Chronic cases

33. WHIRLPOOL BATH

34. It is comparatively modern A large tank is necessary for the immersion of the whole body. The water is agitated by means of an electricity driven turbine . It may be used as relaxing sedative measure by using water at a neutral temperature . Temperature and force of the whirlpool is regulated according to patient’s comfort. Use of hot water relieve pains. If the patient is paralyzed , an air pillow can be placed under knees and fore arm as a support.

35. STEAM BATH It’s a means to improve the power of reaction and enable the quick elimination of toxic matter from skin. TYPES GENERAL LOCAL S itting posture L ying down posture S auna bath F oot bath S pinal bath S itz bath S team inhalation I mmersion bath

36. GENERAL STEAM BATH SITTING POSTURE LYING DOWN POSTURE (Steam chamber) SL 

37. LOCAL STEAM BATH Sauna Foot & Hand bath Spinal bath Sitz bath Steam inhalation Immersion bath IF SSSS  Cold Graduated Neutral Alternate Hot

38. SITZ BATH (Mehana snana)

39. Patient should sit in basin containing hot water (106- 110’F) upto the knees bent and feet immersed in separate container of warm water. Apply cold towel to the fore head For anal fissure- 30 minutes Other conditions- 8 minutes At the end of the bath, rub immersed area with towel squeezed out in cold water.

40. INDICATIONS: Painful anal fissures, Hemorrhoids Dysmenorrhea Distension of urinary bladder Pelvic inflammatory diseases Constipation

41. IMMERSION BATH ( full bath) It is administered in a bath tub which should be properly fitted with hot and cold water connections. The bath can be taken at cold, neutral, hot, graduated & alternate temperatures .

42. This may be taken for a seconds to 20 minutes at a temperature ranging from 10C to 23 C . After the bath the body should be quickly dried and wrapped up in a blanket . If the climate is favorable, moderate exercise should be undertaken . Helps in circulation and stimulating the nervous system . This bath should not be given to young children or very elderly persons , cases of acute inflammation of some internal organs such as acute peritonitis , gastritis, enteritis and inflammatory conditions of uterus and ovaries. COLD BATH

43. GRADUATED BATH The patient should enter the bath at a temperature of 31 C . The water temperature should be lowered gradually at the rate of 10 C per minute until it reaches 25 C . The bath should continue until the patient starts shivering. This bath is often administered every three hours in cases of fever . It effectively brings down the temperature except in malarial fever. I t also produces a general tonic effect, increases vital resistances and energizes the heart.

44. NEUTRAL BATH This bath can be given from 15 to 60 minutes at a temperature ranging from 26C to 28C . It can be given for long duration . The neutral bath diminishes the pulse rate without modifying respiration. This treatment is the best sedative . N eutral bath excites activity of both the skin (eczema, pruritus) and the kidneys ( renal disorders).

45. Diseases of the brain and spinal cord , including chronic inflammatory conditions such as meningitis , rheumatism and arthritis. It also helps those suffering from alcoholism, narcotic habits, chronic diarrhea, peritonitis, chronic affections of the abdomen .

46. ALTERNATE BATH Alternative use of both hot and cold water. 1- 3minutes----------hot water (106- 110’F) 15- 30 seconds--------- cold water (60’F) 1- 3 minutes-------Hot water 15 – 30 seconds----- cold water Prescribed to improve circulation , health, increase energy Improves complexion

47. Contraindications: Hemorrhagic conditions C olicky pain C hronic heart diseases K idney infections

48. HOT IMMERSION This bath can be taken from 2 to 15 minutes at a temperature from 36’C to 40’C . Generally this bath is started at 37’C and the temperature is then gradually raised to the required level by adding hot water.

49. INDICATIONs: B ronchitis and relieves congestion of the lungs and A ctivates the blood vessels of the skin muscles. P neumonia and suppressed menstruation, the bath should be administered at 37.7’C to 40’C for about 30 to 45 minutes. D ysmenorrhea , this bath should be given at 38’C to 44.4’C for 15 minutes. Chronic rheumatism and obesity .

50. CONTRAINDICATION CNS and spinal cord disorders Cardiac weakness and atrophy.

51. SAUNA BATH

52. SAUNA BATH The use of sauna bath was started from Finland. Its first use came into picture in 1936 in Berlin during the period of Olympic games. Many players saw Scandinavians using this bath. Its use at a very large scale comes into picture in 1972 during Munich Olympic Games where a large number of sauna bath chambers were made available to the athletes by which it becomes popular worldwide. Sauna bath is administered in a wooden chamber. One hot oven is used inside the sauna chamber. Stones are placed on the oven and allowed to heat. Water is poured to produce some steam in short bursts. Wooden chamber is used for sauna bath because it absorbs humidity from the inside air and thus restores dryness in the chamber. Regular monitoring of temperature and humidity is done with thermometer and hygrometer. Sauna is a dry hot air bath. The temperature is kept between 60-90ºC and relative humidity of the air is maintained between 5-10%. One treatment session is about 30-40 minutes and consists of two phases: The sweating phase and the cooling phase.

53. The physiological effects of sauna bath The physiological effects of sauna bath include increase of general circulation. It provides lots of fresh blood to the tissues. It helps removing waste products of metabolism from the body. It relaxes the body and gives a sense of general well-being. Pain is also relieved substantially from the body. Sauna baths are now days used in weight reduction programs. Making weight (reducing or increasing weight) by athletes taking part in competition is not advisable

54. Indications :  General health promotion Severe myalgia C hronic rheumatoid arthritis B ronchial asthma.

55. STEAM INHALERS Mainly it is used for Sinusitis conditions Head ache caused due to Deviated Nasal septum

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